diff --git a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/file/service/VideoService.java b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/file/service/VideoService.java
index df65b4c0..3885f771 100644
--- a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/file/service/VideoService.java
+++ b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/file/service/VideoService.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
@@ -35,13 +36,13 @@ public Video createVideo(String transcodingStatus, String originalPath, String o
 
     public Video getNewsByUuid(String uuid) {
         return videoRepository.findByUuid(uuid)
-                .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("존재하지 않는 비디오입니다."));
+                .orElseThrow(() -> new NoSuchElementException("존재하지 않는 비디오입니다."));
     }
 
     //HeadObjectRequest 고려
     public URL generateUploadUrl(String bucket, String objectKey) {
         if(!isExist(bucket, objectKey)){
-            throw new RuntimeException("요청한 파일이 존재하지 않습니다: " + objectKey);
+            throw new NoSuchElementException("요청한 파일이 존재하지 않습니다: " + objectKey);
         }
 
         PutObjectRequest request = PutObjectRequest.builder()
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ public URL generateUploadUrl(String bucket, String objectKey) {
 
     public URL generateDownloadUrl(String bucket, String objectKey) {
         if(!isExist(bucket, objectKey)){
-            throw new RuntimeException("요청한 파일이 존재하지 않습니다: " + objectKey);
+            throw new NoSuchElementException("요청한 파일이 존재하지 않습니다: " + objectKey);
         }
 
         GetObjectRequest request = GetObjectRequest.builder()
diff --git a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/comment/controller/CommentController.java b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/comment/controller/CommentController.java
index d89ec9cb..361b27fd 100644
--- a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/comment/controller/CommentController.java
+++ b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/comment/controller/CommentController.java
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 import com.back.domain.news.news.service.NewsService;
 import com.back.global.rq.Rq;
 import com.back.global.rsData.RsData;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 
 import java.util.List;
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ public class CommentController {
     private final Rq rq;
 
     @GetMapping
+    @Operation(summary = "댓글 목록 조회", description = "특정 뉴스의 댓글 목록을 불러옵니다.")
     public RsData<List<CommentResponse>> getComments(@PathVariable Long newsId) {
         News news = newsService.getNewsById(newsId);
         List<Comment> comments = commentService.getComments(news);
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ public RsData<List<CommentResponse>> getComments(@PathVariable Long newsId) {
     }
 
     @PostMapping
+    @Operation(summary = "댓글 생성", description = "특정 뉴스에 댓글을 생성합니다. 로그인한 사용자만 접근할 수 있습니다.")
     public RsData<CommentResponse> createComment(@PathVariable Long newsId, @RequestBody CommentCreateRequest request) {
         Member member = rq.getActor();
         if (member == null) {
@@ -47,25 +51,39 @@ public RsData<CommentResponse> createComment(@PathVariable Long newsId, @Request
     }
 
     @PutMapping("/{commentId}")
+    @Operation(summary = "댓글 수정", description = "특정 뉴스의 댓글을 수정합니다. 댓글 작성자만 접근할 수 있습니다.")
     public RsData<CommentResponse> updateComment(@PathVariable Long newsId, @PathVariable Long commentId, @RequestBody CommentUpdateRequest request) {
         Member member = rq.getActor();
         if (member == null) {
             return new RsData<>("401", "로그인이 필요합니다.");
         }
-        News news = newsService.getNewsById(newsId);
-        Comment updatedComment = commentService.updateComment(member, news, commentId, request.content());
-        CommentResponse commentResponse = new CommentResponse(updatedComment);
-        return new RsData<>("200", "댓글 수정 완료", commentResponse);
+        try {
+            News news = newsService.getNewsById(newsId);
+            Comment updatedComment = commentService.updateComment(member, news, commentId, request.content());
+            CommentResponse commentResponse = new CommentResponse(updatedComment);
+            return new RsData<>("200", "댓글 수정 완료", commentResponse);
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException e) {
+            return new RsData<>("403", e.getMessage());
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return new RsData<>("400", e.getMessage());
+        }
     }
 
     @DeleteMapping("/{commentId}")
+    @Operation(summary = "댓글 삭제", description = "특정 뉴스의 댓글을 삭제합니다. 댓글 작성자만 접근할 수 있습니다.")
     public RsData<Void> deleteComment(@PathVariable Long newsId, @PathVariable Long commentId) {
         Member member = rq.getActor();
         if (member == null) {
             return new RsData<>("401", "로그인이 필요합니다.");
         }
-        News news = newsService.getNewsById(newsId);
-        commentService.deleteComment(member, news, commentId);
-        return new RsData<>("200", "댓글 삭제 완료");
+        try {
+            News news = newsService.getNewsById(newsId);
+            commentService.deleteComment(member, news, commentId);
+            return new RsData<>("200", "댓글 삭제 완료");
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException e) {
+            return new RsData<>("403", e.getMessage());
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return new RsData<>("400", e.getMessage());
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/comment/service/CommentService.java b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/comment/service/CommentService.java
index 9e30c9c3..8644cb49 100644
--- a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/comment/service/CommentService.java
+++ b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/comment/service/CommentService.java
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 import com.back.domain.news.comment.repository.CommentRepository;
 import com.back.domain.news.news.entity.News;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 
 @Service
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
@@ -26,14 +27,16 @@ public List<Comment> getComments(News news) {
         return commentRepository.findByNews(news);
     }
 
-    public Optional<Comment> getCommentById(Long commentId) {
-        return commentRepository.findById(commentId);
+    public Comment getCommentById(Long commentId) {
+        return commentRepository.findById(commentId)
+                .orElseThrow(() -> new NoSuchElementException("Comment not found: " + commentId));
     }
 
     public Comment updateComment(Member member, News news, Long commentId, String content) {
-        Comment comment = getCommentById(commentId).orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("Comment not found"));
+        Comment comment = getCommentById(commentId);
+
         if (!comment.getMember().equals(member)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("You do not have permission to update this comment.");
+            throw new AccessDeniedException("You do not have permission to update this comment.");
         }
         if (!comment.getNews().equals(news)) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("This comment does not belong to the given news.");
@@ -43,9 +46,10 @@ public Comment updateComment(Member member, News news, Long commentId, String co
     }
 
     public void deleteComment(Member member, News news, Long commentId) {
-        Comment comment = getCommentById(commentId).orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("Comment not found"));
+        Comment comment = getCommentById(commentId);
+
         if (!comment.getMember().equals(member)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("You do not have permission to delete this comment.");
+            throw new AccessDeniedException("You do not have permission to delete this comment.");
         }
         if (!comment.getNews().equals(news)) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("This comment does not belong to the given news.");
diff --git a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/controller/NewsController.java b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/controller/NewsController.java
index fa9679c0..cb86871d 100644
--- a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/controller/NewsController.java
+++ b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/controller/NewsController.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import com.back.domain.news.news.service.NewsService;
 import com.back.global.rq.Rq;
 import com.back.global.rsData.RsData;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@@ -25,8 +26,15 @@ public class NewsController {
     private final Rq rq;
 
     @PostMapping
+    @Operation(summary = "뉴스 생성", description = "뉴스를 생성합니다. ADMIN 사용자만 접근할 수 있습니다.")
     public RsData<NewsCreateResponse> createNews(@RequestBody NewsCreateRequest request) {
-        Member member = rq.getActor();
+        Member member = rq.getActorFromDb().get();
+        if (member == null) {
+            return new RsData<>("401", "로그인 후 이용해주세요.", null);
+        }
+        if (member.getRole() != Member.Role.ADMIN) {
+            return new RsData<>("403", "권한이 없습니다.", null);
+        }
         Video video = videoService.getNewsByUuid(request.videoUuid());
         News news = newsService.createNews(member, request.title(), video, request.content());
         NewsCreateResponse response = new NewsCreateResponse(news.getTitle(), news.getVideo().getUuid(), news.getContent(), member.getName());
@@ -34,13 +42,15 @@ public RsData<NewsCreateResponse> createNews(@RequestBody NewsCreateRequest requ
     }
 
     @GetMapping("{newsId}")
-    public RsData<NewsGetResponse> getNews(@PathVariable Long newsId) {
+    @Operation(summary = "뉴스 단건 조회", description = "특정 ID의 뉴스를 읽어옵니다.")
+    public RsData<NewsGetResponse> getNews(@PathVariable("newsId") Long newsId) {
         News news = newsService.getNewsById(newsId);
         NewsGetResponse response = new NewsGetResponse(news);
         return new RsData<>("200", "뉴스 읽어오기 완료", response);
     }
 
     @GetMapping
+    @Operation(summary = "뉴스 목록 조회", description = "뉴스 목록을 페이지 단위로 불러옵니다. 기본 페이지 크기는 10입니다.")
     public RsData<List<NewsGetResponse>> getNewsList(
             @RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
             @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size) {
@@ -55,8 +65,12 @@ public RsData<List<NewsGetResponse>> getNewsList(
     }
 
     @PutMapping("{newsId}/likes")
-    public RsData<NewsLikeResponse> likeNews(@PathVariable Long newsId) {
-        Member member = rq.getActor();
+    @Operation(summary = "뉴스 좋아요", description = "특정 ID의 뉴스를 좋아요 합니다. 로그인한 사용자만 접근할 수 있습니다.")
+    public RsData<NewsLikeResponse> likeNews(@PathVariable("newsId") Long newsId) {
+        Member member = rq.getActorFromDb().get();
+        if (member == null) {
+            return new RsData<>("401", "로그인 후 이용해주세요.", null);
+        }
         try {
             likeService.likeNews(member, newsId);
             NewsLikeResponse response = new NewsLikeResponse(member.getId(), newsId, likeService.getLikeCount(newsId));
@@ -67,10 +81,17 @@ public RsData<NewsLikeResponse> likeNews(@PathVariable Long newsId) {
     }
 
     @PutMapping("{newsId}")
-    public RsData<NewsUpdateResponse> modifyNews(@RequestBody NewsUpdateRequest request) {
-        Member member = rq.getActor();
+    @Operation(summary = "뉴스 수정", description = "특정 ID의 뉴스를 수정합니다. ADMIN 사용자만 접근할 수 있습니다.")
+    public RsData<NewsUpdateResponse> modifyNews(@PathVariable("newsId") Long newsId, @RequestBody NewsUpdateRequest request) {
+        Member member = rq.getActorFromDb().get();
+        if (member == null) {
+            return new RsData<>("401", "로그인 후 이용해주세요.", null);
+        }
+        if (member.getRole() != Member.Role.ADMIN) {
+            return new RsData<>("403", "권한이 없습니다.", null);
+        }
         try {
-            News news = newsService.getNewsById(request.newsId());
+            News news = newsService.getNewsById(newsId);
             Video video = videoService.getNewsByUuid(request.videoUuid());
             News updatedNews = newsService.updateNews(member, news, request.title(), video, request.content());
             NewsUpdateResponse response = new NewsUpdateResponse(updatedNews);
@@ -81,10 +102,17 @@ public RsData<NewsUpdateResponse> modifyNews(@RequestBody NewsUpdateRequest requ
     }
 
     @DeleteMapping("{newsId}")
-    public RsData<?> deleteNews(@PathVariable Long newsId) {
-        Member member = rq.getActor();
+    @Operation(summary = "뉴스 삭제", description = "특정 ID의 뉴스를 삭제합니다. ADMIN 사용자만 접근할 수 있습니다.")
+    public RsData<?> deleteNews(@PathVariable("newsId") Long newsId) {
+        Member member = rq.getActorFromDb().get();
+        if (member == null){
+            return new RsData<>("401", "로그인 후 이용해주세요.", null);
+        }
+        if (member.getRole() != Member.Role.ADMIN) {
+            return new RsData<>("403", "권한이 없습니다.", null);
+        }
         News news = newsService.getNewsById(newsId);
         newsService.deleteNews(member, news);
-        return new RsData<>("200", news.getId()+"번 뉴스가 삭제되었습니다.", null);
+        return new RsData<>("200", newsId + "번 뉴스가 삭제되었습니다.", null);
     }
 }
diff --git a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/dto/NewsUpdateRequest.java b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/dto/NewsUpdateRequest.java
index 4b82536c..bc531918 100644
--- a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/dto/NewsUpdateRequest.java
+++ b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/dto/NewsUpdateRequest.java
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.back.domain.news.news.dto;
 
 public record NewsUpdateRequest(
-        Long newsId,
         String title,
         String content,
         String videoUuid
diff --git a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/entity/News.java b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/entity/News.java
index 23c8c02f..d4fc8735 100644
--- a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/entity/News.java
+++ b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/entity/News.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 @Entity
 @NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
 public class News extends BaseEntity {
-    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
+    @ManyToOne
     private Member member;
     private String title;
     @OneToOne
diff --git a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/service/NewsService.java b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/service/NewsService.java
index 837ccedf..36222a78 100644
--- a/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/service/NewsService.java
+++ b/back/src/main/java/com/back/domain/news/news/service/NewsService.java
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
 @Service
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
 public class NewsService {
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ public Page<News> getNewsByPage(int page, int size) {
     }
 
     public News getNewsById(Long id) {
-        return newsRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("뉴스를 찾을 수 없습니다."));
+        return newsRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new NoSuchElementException("뉴스를 찾을 수 없습니다."));
     }
 
     public News updateNews(Member member, News news, String title, Video video, String content) {