diff --git a/.changeset/slimy-zebras-roll.md b/.changeset/slimy-zebras-roll.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6932a7af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/slimy-zebras-roll.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'eslint-plugin-primer-react': minor
+---
+
+Add enforce-css-module-identifier-casing rule
diff --git a/docs/rules/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.md b/docs/rules/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca835155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/rules/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Enforce CSS Module Identifier Casing (enforce-css-module-identifier-casing)
+
+CSS Modules should expose class names written in PascalCase.
+
+## Rule details
+
+This rule disallows the use of any CSS Module property that does not match the desired casing.
+
+👎 Examples of **incorrect** code for this rule:
+
+```jsx
+/* eslint primer-react/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing: "error" */
+import {Button} from '@primer/react'
+import classes from './some.module.css'
+
+<Button className={classes.button} />
+<Button className={classes['button']} />
+<Button className={clsx(classes.button)} />
+
+let ButtonClass = "button"
+<Button className={clsx(classes[ButtonClass])} />
+```
+
+👍 Examples of **correct** code for this rule:
+
+```jsx
+/* eslint primer-react/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing: "error" */
+import {Button} from '@primer/react'
+import classes from './some.module.css'
+;<Button className={classes.Button} />
+```
+
+## Options
+
+- `casing` (default: `'pascal'`)
+
+  By default, the `enforce-css-module-identifier-casing` rule will check for identifiers matching PascalCase.
+  Changing this to `'camel'` will instead enforce camelCasing rules. Changing this to `'kebab'` will instead
+  enforce kebab-casing rules.
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index d4bad0b6..c4f9a944 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "eslint-plugin-primer-react",
-  "version": "6.1.2",
+  "version": "6.1.6",
   "lockfileVersion": 2,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "eslint-plugin-primer-react",
-      "version": "6.1.2",
+      "version": "6.1.6",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@styled-system/props": "^5.1.5",
diff --git a/src/configs/recommended.js b/src/configs/recommended.js
index 3bb02d23..1ef6ee5c 100644
--- a/src/configs/recommended.js
+++ b/src/configs/recommended.js
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ module.exports = {
     'primer-react/a11y-use-next-tooltip': 'error',
     'primer-react/no-unnecessary-components': 'error',
     'primer-react/prefer-action-list-item-onselect': 'error',
+    'primer-react/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing': 'error',
   },
   settings: {
     github: {
diff --git a/src/index.js b/src/index.js
index bc284b02..fc2e2b9f 100644
--- a/src/index.js
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ module.exports = {
     'no-wildcard-imports': require('./rules/no-wildcard-imports'),
     'no-unnecessary-components': require('./rules/no-unnecessary-components'),
     'prefer-action-list-item-onselect': require('./rules/prefer-action-list-item-onselect'),
+    'enforce-css-module-identifier-casing': require('./rules/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing'),
   },
   configs: {
     recommended: require('./configs/recommended'),
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.test.js b/src/rules/__tests__/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e719aff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/__tests__/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+const rule = require('../enforce-css-module-identifier-casing')
+const {RuleTester} = require('eslint')
+
+const ruleTester = new RuleTester({
+  parserOptions: {
+    ecmaVersion: 'latest',
+    sourceType: 'module',
+    ecmaFeatures: {
+      jsx: true,
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+ruleTester.run('enforce-css-module-identifier-casing', rule, {
+  valid: [
+    'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={classes.Foo}/> }',
+    'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={clsx(classes.Foo)}/> }',
+    'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={clsx(className, classes.Foo)}/> }',
+    'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={`${classes.Foo}`}/> }',
+    'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={`${classes["Foo"]}`}/> }',
+    'import classes from "a.module.css"; let x = "Foo"; function Foo() { return <Box className={`${classes[x]}`}/> }',
+  ],
+  invalid: [
+    {
+      code: 'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={classes.foo}/> }',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'pascal',
+          data: {name: 'foo'},
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={clsx(classes.foo)}/> }',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'pascal',
+          data: {name: 'foo'},
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={clsx(className, classes.foo)}/> }',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'pascal',
+          data: {name: 'foo'},
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={`${classes.foo}`}/> }',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'pascal',
+          data: {name: 'foo'},
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={classes["foo"]}/> }',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'pascal',
+          data: {name: 'foo'},
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={classes.Foo}/> }',
+      options: [{casing: 'camel'}],
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'camel',
+          data: {name: 'Foo'},
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'import classes from "a.module.css"; let FooClass = "foo"; function Foo() { return <Box className={classes[FooClass]}/> }',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'pascal',
+          data: {name: 'foo'},
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'import classes from "a.module.css"; function Foo() { return <Box className={classes[x]}/> }',
+      options: [{casing: 'camel'}],
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'bad',
+          data: {type: 'Identifier'},
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+})
diff --git a/src/rules/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.js b/src/rules/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b46667ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/enforce-css-module-identifier-casing.js
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+const {availableCasings, casingMatches} = require('../utils/casing-matches')
+const {identifierIsCSSModuleBinding} = require('../utils/css-modules')
+
+module.exports = {
+  meta: {
+    type: 'suggestion',
+    fixable: 'code',
+    schema: [
+      {
+        properties: {
+          casing: {
+            enum: availableCasings,
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+    messages: {
+      bad: 'Class names should be in a recognisable case, and either an identifier or literal, saw: {{ type }}',
+      camel: 'Class names should be camelCase in both CSS and JS, saw: {{ name }}',
+      pascal: 'Class names should be PascalCase in both CSS and JS, saw: {{ name }}',
+      kebab: 'Class names should be kebab-case in both CSS and JS, saw: {{ name }}',
+    },
+  },
+  create(context) {
+    const casing = context.options[0]?.casing || 'pascal'
+    return {
+      ['JSXAttribute[name.name="className"] JSXExpressionContainer MemberExpression[object.type="Identifier"]']:
+        function (node) {
+          if (!identifierIsCSSModuleBinding(node.object, context)) return
+          if (!node.computed && node.property?.type === 'Identifier') {
+            if (!casingMatches(node.property.name || '', casing)) {
+              context.report({
+                node: node.property,
+                messageId: casing,
+                data: {name: node.property.name},
+              })
+            }
+          } else if (node.property?.type === 'Literal') {
+            if (!casingMatches(node.property.value || '', casing)) {
+              context.report({
+                node: node.property,
+                messageId: casing,
+                data: {name: node.property.value},
+              })
+            }
+          } else if (node.computed) {
+            const ref = context
+              .getScope()
+              .references.find(reference => reference.identifier.name === node.property.name)
+            const def = ref.resolved?.defs?.[0]
+            if (def?.node?.init?.type === 'Literal') {
+              if (!casingMatches(def.node.init.value || '', casing)) {
+                context.report({
+                  node: node.property,
+                  messageId: casing,
+                  data: {name: def.node.init.value},
+                })
+              }
+            } else {
+              context.report({
+                node: node.property,
+                messageId: 'bad',
+                data: {type: node.property.type},
+              })
+            }
+          } else {
+            context.report({
+              node: node.property,
+              messageId: 'bad',
+              data: {type: node.property.type},
+            })
+          }
+        },
+    }
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/utils/casing-matches.js b/src/utils/casing-matches.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01142686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/casing-matches.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+const camelReg = /^[a-z]+(?:[A-Z0-9][a-z0-9]+)*?$/
+const pascalReg = /^(?:[A-Z0-9][a-z0-9]+)+?$/
+const kebabReg = /^[a-z]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*?$/
+
+function casingMatches(name, type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'camel':
+      return camelReg.test(name)
+    case 'pascal':
+      return pascalReg.test(name)
+    case 'kebab':
+      return kebabReg.test(name)
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`Invalid case type ${type}`)
+  }
+}
+exports.casingMatches = casingMatches
+
+exports.availableCasings = ['camel', 'pascal', 'kebab']
diff --git a/src/utils/css-modules.js b/src/utils/css-modules.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3f9830d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/css-modules.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function importBindingIsFromCSSModuleImport(node) {
+  return node.type === 'ImportBinding' && node.parent?.source?.value?.endsWith('.module.css')
+}
+
+function identifierIsCSSModuleBinding(node, context) {
+  if (node.type !== 'Identifier') return false
+  const ref = context.getScope().references.find(reference => reference.identifier.name === node.name)
+  if (ref.resolved?.defs?.some(importBindingIsFromCSSModuleImport)) {
+    return true
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
+exports.importBindingIsFromCSSModuleImport = importBindingIsFromCSSModuleImport
+exports.identifierIsCSSModuleBinding = identifierIsCSSModuleBinding