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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: book/01-introduction/sections/about-version-control.asc
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@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ To deal with this issue, programmers long ago developed local VCSs that had a si
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image::images/local.png[Local version control diagram]
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One of the most popular VCS tools was a system called RCS, which is still distributed with many computers today.
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https://www.gnu.org/software/rcs/[RCS] works by keeping patch sets (that is, the differences between files) in a special format on disk; it can then re-create what any file looked like at any point in time by adding up all the patches.
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https://www.gnu.org/software/rcs/[RCS^] works by keeping patch sets (that is, the differences between files) in a special format on disk; it can then re-create what any file looked like at any point in time by adding up all the patches.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: book/01-introduction/sections/help.asc
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----
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These commands are nice because you can access them anywhere, even offline.
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If the manpages and this book aren't enough and you need in-person help, you can try the `#git`, `#github`, or `#gitlab` channels on the Libera Chat IRC server, which can be found at https://libera.chat/[].
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If the manpages and this book aren't enough and you need in-person help, you can try the `#git`, `#github`, or `#gitlab` channels on the Libera Chat IRC server, which can be found at https://libera.chat/[^].
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These channels are regularly filled with hundreds of people who are all very knowledgeable about Git and are often willing to help.(((IRC)))
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In addition, if you don't need the full-blown manpage help, but just need a quick refresher on the available options for a Git command, you can ask for the more concise "`help`" output with the `-h` option, as in:
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: book/01-introduction/sections/installing.asc
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$ sudo apt install git-all
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----
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For more options, there are instructions for installing on several different Unix distributions on the Git website, at https://git-scm.com/download/linux[].
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For more options, there are instructions for installing on several different Unix distributions on the Git website, at https://git-scm.com/download/linux[^].
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==== Installing on macOS
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If you don't have it installed already, it will prompt you to install it.
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If you want a more up to date version, you can also install it via a binary installer.
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A macOS Git installer is maintained and available for download at the Git website, at https://git-scm.com/download/mac[].
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A macOS Git installer is maintained and available for download at the Git website, at https://git-scm.com/download/mac[^].
Users of RHEL and RHEL-derivatives like CentOS and Scientific Linux will have to https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL#How_can_I_use_these_extra_packages.3F[enable the EPEL repository] to download the `docbook2X` package.
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Users of RHEL and RHEL-derivatives like CentOS and Scientific Linux will have to https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL#How_can_I_use_these_extra_packages.3F[enable the EPEL repository^] to download the `docbook2X` package.
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====
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If you're using a Debian-based distribution (Debian/Ubuntu/Ubuntu-derivatives), you also need the `install-info` package:
When you have all the necessary dependencies, you can go ahead and grab the latest tagged release tarball from several places.
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You can get it via the kernel.org site, at https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git[], or the mirror on the GitHub website, at https://github.com/git/git/releases[].
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You can get it via the kernel.org site, at https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git[], or the mirror on the GitHub website, at https://github.com/git/git/releases[^].
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It's generally a little clearer what the latest version is on the GitHub page, but the kernel.org page also has release signatures if you want to verify your download.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: book/02-git-basics/sections/recording-changes.asc
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[TIP]
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====
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GitHub maintains a fairly comprehensive list of good `.gitignore` file examples for dozens of projects and languages at https://github.com/github/gitignore[] if you want a starting point for your project.
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GitHub maintains a fairly comprehensive list of good `.gitignore` file examples for dozens of projects and languages at https://github.com/github/gitignore[^] if you want a starting point for your project.
For a more in-depth tutorial on creating an SSH key on multiple operating systems, see the GitHub guide on SSH keys at https://docs.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent[].
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For a more in-depth tutorial on creating an SSH key on multiple operating systems, see the GitHub guide on SSH keys at https://docs.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent[^].
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: book/04-git-server/sections/hosted.asc
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Even if you set up and run your own server internally, you may still want to use a public hosting site for your open source code – it's generally easier for the open source community to find and help you with.
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These days, you have a huge number of hosting options to choose from, each with different advantages and disadvantages.
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To see an up-to-date list, check out the GitHosting page on the main Git wiki at https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/GitHosting[].
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To see an up-to-date list, check out the GitHosting page on the main Git wiki at https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/GitHosting[^].
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We'll cover using GitHub in detail in <<ch06-github#ch06-github>>, as it is the largest Git host out there and you may need to interact with projects hosted on it in any case, but there are dozens more to choose from should you not want to set up your own Git server.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: book/04-git-server/sections/protocols.asc
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(((protocols, local)))
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The most basic is the _Local protocol_, in which the remote repository is in another directory on the same host.
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This is often used if everyone on your team has access to a shared filesystem such as an https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_File_System[NFS] mount, or in the less likely case that everyone logs in to the same computer.
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This is often used if everyone on your team has access to a shared filesystem such as an https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_File_System[NFS^] mount, or in the less likely case that everyone logs in to the same computer.
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The latter wouldn't be ideal, because all your code repository instances would reside on the same computer, making a catastrophic loss much more likely.
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If you have a shared mounted filesystem, then you can clone, push to, and pull from a local file-based repository.
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If you try to push and the repository requires authentication (which it normally should), the server can prompt for a username and password.
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The same goes for read access.
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In fact, for services like GitHub, the URL you use to view the repository online (for example, https://github.com/schacon/simplegit[]) is the same URL you can use to clone and, if you have access, push over.
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In fact, for services like GitHub, the URL you use to view the repository online (for example, https://github.com/schacon/simplegit[^]) is the same URL you can use to clone and, if you have access, push over.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: book/05-distributed-git/sections/contributing.asc
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As a general rule, your messages should start with a single line that's no more than about 50 characters and that describes the changeset concisely, followed by a blank line, followed by a more detailed explanation.
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The Git project requires that the more detailed explanation include your motivation for the change and contrast its implementation with previous behavior -- this is a good guideline to follow.
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Write your commit message in the imperative: "Fix bug" and not "Fixed bug" or "Fixes bug."
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Here is a template you can follow, which we've lightly adapted from one https://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html[originally written by Tim Pope]:
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Here is a template you can follow, which we've lightly adapted from one https://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html[originally written by Tim Pope^]:
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[source,text]
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The last line of the output above shows a useful return message from the push operation.
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The basic format is `<oldref>..<newref> fromref -> toref`, where `oldref` means the old reference, `newref` means the new reference, `fromref` is the name of the local reference being pushed, and `toref` is the name of the remote reference being updated.
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You'll see similar output like this below in the discussions, so having a basic idea of the meaning will help in understanding the various states of the repositories.
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More details are available in the documentation for https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push[git-push].
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More details are available in the documentation for https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push[git-push^].
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Continuing with this example, shortly afterwards, John makes some changes, commits them to his local repository, and tries to push them to the same server:
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