Revert "Mark constructor parameters of exceptions as positional-only (#1699)"

This reverts commit cc3ac46.

Author: davidhewitt

python/pydantic_core/_pydantic_core.pyi

@@ -714,16 +714,22 @@ class PydanticCustomError(ValueError):
                 raise PydanticCustomError('custom_value_error', 'Value must be greater than {value}', {'value': 10, 'extra_context': 'extra_data'})
             return v
         ```
-
-    Arguments:
-        error_type: The error type.
-        message_template: The message template.
-        context: The data to inject into the message template.
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, error_type: LiteralString, message_template: LiteralString, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None, /
-    ) -> None: ...
+        self, error_type: LiteralString, message_template: LiteralString, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `PydanticCustomError`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            error_type: The error type.
+            message_template: The message template.
+            context: The data to inject into the message template.
+        """
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, error_type: LiteralString, message_template: LiteralString, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> Self: ...
     @property
     def context(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in passing error data forward."""
@@ -751,16 +757,20 @@ class PydanticKnownError(ValueError):
 
         def custom_validator(v) -> None:
             if v <= 10:
-                raise PydanticKnownError('greater_than', {'gt': 10})
+                raise PydanticKnownError(error_type='greater_than', context={'gt': 10})
             return v
         ```
-
-    Arguments:
-        error_type: The error type.
-        context: The data to inject into the message template.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, error_type: ErrorType, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None, /) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, error_type: ErrorType, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `PydanticKnownError`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            error_type: The error type.
+            context: The data to inject into the message template.
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, error_type: ErrorType, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Self: ...
     @property
     def context(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in passing error data forward."""
@@ -860,12 +870,16 @@ class PydanticSerializationError(ValueError):
     """An error raised when an issue occurs during serialization.
 
     In custom serializers, this error can be used to indicate that serialization has failed.
-
-    Arguments:
-        message: The message associated with the error.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, message: str, /) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `PydanticSerializationError`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            message: The message associated with the error.
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, message: str) -> Self: ...
 
 @final
 class PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(ValueError):
@@ -904,12 +918,16 @@ class PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(ValueError):
 
     This is often used internally in `pydantic-core` when unexpected types are encountered during serialization,
     but it can also be used by users in custom serializers, as seen above.
-
-    Arguments:
-        message: The message associated with the unexpected value.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, message: str, /) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            message: The message associated with the unexpected value.
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, message: str | None = None) -> Self: ...
 
 @final
 class ArgsKwargs:

src/errors/value_exception.rs

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pub struct PydanticCustomError {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PydanticCustomError {
     #[new]
-    #[pyo3(signature = (error_type, message_template, context = None, /))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (error_type, message_template, context = None))]
     pub fn py_new(error_type: String, message_template: String, context: Option<Bound<'_, PyDict>>) -> Self {
         Self {
             error_type,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ pub struct PydanticKnownError {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PydanticKnownError {
     #[new]
-    #[pyo3(signature = (error_type, context=None, /))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (error_type, context=None))]
     pub fn py_new(py: Python, error_type: &str, context: Option<Bound<'_, PyDict>>) -> PyResult<Self> {
         let error_type = ErrorType::new(py, error_type, context)?;
         Ok(Self { error_type })

src/serializers/errors.rs

@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ impl PydanticSerializationError {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PydanticSerializationError {
     #[new]
-    #[pyo3(signature = (message, /))]
     fn py_new(message: String) -> Self {
         Self { message }
     }
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ impl PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue {
     #[new]
-    #[pyo3(signature = (message=None, field_type=None, input_value=None, /))]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (message=None, field_type=None, input_value=None))]
     fn py_new(message: Option<String>, field_type: Option<String>, input_value: Option<PyObject>) -> Self {
         Self {
             message,