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remove redundant stuff
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docs/source/knowledgebase/quasi_dags.ipynb

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@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@
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"\n",
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"By conditioning on both $Y_0$ and $X$ we intercept backdoor paths 1 and 2, satisfying Pearl's back-door criterion. The treatment coefficient in the ANCOVA formula therefore identifies the causal effect of interest under the model's other assumptions (no measurement error, correct functional form, etc.).\n",
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"\n",
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"Adjust for the baseline outcome $Y_0$ and any observed covariates that inform treatment assignment: \n",
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"If we can discount $U_1$ and $U_2$ then we can estimate the treatment effect $T \\to Y_1$ by running the linear regression:\n",
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"\n",
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"$$\n",
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"Y_1 = \\alpha + \\tau\\,T + \\gamma\\,Y_0 + \\mathbf{X}\\boldsymbol\\beta + \\varepsilon ,\n",
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"* $Y_0 \\to T$ Only mid-spenders qualify. \n",
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"* $X \\to T$ Higher churn scores or certain regions raise the chance of receiving the email. \n",
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"* $Y_0 \\to Y_1$ and $X \\to Y_1$ Past spend, tenure, and region predict future spend. \n",
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"* $T \\to Y_1$ The discount may increase (or cannibalise) post-campaign sales.\n",
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"\n",
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"If we can discount $U_1$ and $U_2$ then we can estimate the treatment effect $T \\to Y_1$ by running the linear regression:\n",
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"\n",
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"$$\n",
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"Y_1 = \\alpha + \\tau T + \\gamma Y_0 + \\mathbf{X}\\boldsymbol\\beta + \\varepsilon\n",
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"$$ \n",
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"\n",
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"where $\\tau$ is the average treatment effect (ATE).\n",
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"\n",
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"However, if there are unobserved confounders $U_1$ or $U_2$, then these will pose real threats to unbiased estimation of the treatment effect $T \\to Y_1$. In our example, $U_1$ could be a latent price sensitivity that affects both pre and post spend."
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"* $T \\to Y_1$ The discount may increase (or cannibalise) post-campaign sales."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},

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