Add riscv64 (linux_riscv64) wheel to PyPI releases

[gounthar]

Add linux_riscv64 wheel to PyPI releases

Summary

pip install pillow on riscv64 Linux currently requires building from source (~5 min on a 1.6 GHz RISC-V SoC). Adding linux_riscv64 to the wheel build matrix would give riscv64 users a prebuilt wheel.

Evidence

Tested wheel	pillow-12.1.1-cp313-cp313-linux_riscv64.whl
Hardware	BananaPi F3 (SpacemiT K1, rv64imafdcv, 8 cores @ 1.6 GHz, 16 GB RAM)
Python	3.13 (CPython)
Build system	cibuildwheel
Build time	~5 min (native, on hardware)

The wheel imports and passes basic smoke tests on riscv64 Linux.

Suggested CI change

Workflow: .github/workflows/wheels.yml

Add riscv64 entries to the build-native-wheels matrix:

# In matrix.include, add:
- name: "manylinux_2_28 riscv64"
  platform: linux
  os: ubuntu-latest
  cibw_arch: riscv64
  build: "*manylinux*"

Add QEMU step (after checkout, before cibuildwheel):

- name: Set up QEMU
  if: matrix.cibw_arch == 'riscv64'
  uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
  with:
    platforms: riscv64

Ecosystem context

• manylinux_2_28_riscv64 images are available on quay.io/pypa/ (landed in pypa/manylinux, 2025)
• cibuildwheel 3.x supports riscv64 via QEMU emulation
• auditwheel supports riscv64 platform tags
• maturin-action supports riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu cross-compilation
• Packages already shipping riscv64 wheels on PyPI: aiohttp, yarl, regex, markupsafe, charset-normalizer, rpds-py, multidict, propcache, watchfiles, rignore, setproctitle
• RISC-V hardware is shipping: SiFive HiFive, SpacemiT K1/K3, Sophgo SG2044 (64-core)

Our temporary index

While upstream support is pending, we maintain a PEP 503 index with 50+ riscv64 wheels for the Python ML/AI stack, built natively on RISC-V hardware.

Tracking repo: https://github.com/gounthar/riscv64-python-wheels

[radarhere]

I attempted to build the wheels as you suggested, and found some errors when building libavif - https://github.com/radarhere/Pillow/actions/runs/22978274580/job/66712037174#step:6:5050

/project/build/libavif-1.4.0/_deps/libaom-src/av1/common/riscv/highbd_convolve_rvv.c:1587:5: error: implicit declaration of function ‘av1_highbd_convolve_2d_sr_c’; did you mean ‘av1_highbd_convolve_2d_sr_rvv’? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]

If I skip libavif, I find that the job hits GitHub's six hour limit - https://github.com/radarhere/Pillow/actions/runs/22981390715/job/66721802508

A few months ago, we received a request for ppc64le wheels. You can read that discussion at #9107 (comment). It was ultimately declined due to excessive build time and unclear demand. It seems those arguments would apply to riscv64 as well.

[gounthar]

{
"message": "Not Found",
"documentation_url": "https://docs.github.com/rest",
"status": "404"
}

[hugovk]

• Packages already shipping riscv64 wheels on PyPI: aiohttp, yarl, regex, markupsafe, charset-normalizer, rpds-py, multidict, propcache, watchfiles, rignore, setproctitle

The most downloaded of these is charset-normalizer at number 10.

Checking a day's worth of downloads for the most recent version:

pypinfo --all --limit 10000 --days 1 --percent charset-normalizer==3.4.5 file

Details

file	percent	download_count
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl	12.09%	4,356,994
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl	11.70%	4,216,560
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata	10.89%	3,924,157
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata	10.40%	3,749,562
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl	7.24%	2,609,886
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl	5.00%	1,802,396
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata	4.80%	1,730,062
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata	4.47%	1,611,389
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl	3.34%	1,204,616
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-py3-none-any.whl	2.81%	1,014,126
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl	2.01%	725,045
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl	2.01%	724,887
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata	1.91%	686,931
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-py3-none-any.whl.metadata	1.55%	558,193
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata	1.35%	487,017
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl	1.15%	413,630
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata	0.87%	312,828
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl	0.78%	280,221
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl	0.73%	263,219
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl	0.70%	253,442
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.65%	233,617
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl.metadata	0.63%	226,455
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl.metadata	0.63%	225,410
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl	0.60%	216,952
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl.metadata	0.59%	211,799
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.58%	210,031
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.52%	186,927
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl	0.50%	179,252
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl.metadata	0.48%	173,332
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl.metadata	0.47%	169,245
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl	0.44%	159,577
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata	0.44%	156,862
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl	0.43%	154,814
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl	0.37%	135,039
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.37%	133,578
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl.metadata	0.37%	132,178
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl	0.34%	122,733
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl.metadata	0.33%	117,283
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl.metadata	0.33%	117,202
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl.metadata	0.32%	115,223
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl	0.31%	110,403
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-win_amd64.whl.metadata	0.30%	108,270
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-win_amd64.whl	0.29%	104,499
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl	0.29%	103,252
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl	0.27%	98,613
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl	0.25%	89,168
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl	0.24%	86,835
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata	0.24%	85,152
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl	0.20%	71,868
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl	0.19%	70,176
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl.metadata	0.18%	64,822
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl	0.17%	61,000
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl	0.17%	60,929
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl.metadata	0.16%	58,388
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl.metadata	0.16%	57,439
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl	0.14%	49,869
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl	0.13%	47,105
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl.metadata	0.12%	44,643
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl	0.12%	41,663
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.11%	39,325
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl	0.07%	23,924
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl	0.05%	19,666
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.05%	19,449
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl	0.05%	18,363
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl.metadata	0.04%	13,504
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.04%	12,921
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl	0.03%	12,005
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl.metadata	0.03%	11,844
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.03%	10,999
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl	0.03%	9,237
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl	0.02%	6,973
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl	0.01%	4,600
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl.metadata	0.01%	4,428
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.01%	3,604
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl	0.01%	3,323
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl	0.01%	2,999
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl	0.01%	2,973
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.01%	2,856
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl	0.01%	2,750
charset_normalizer-3.4.5.tar.gz	0.01%	2,725
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-win32.whl	0.01%	2,649
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-win32.whl	0.01%	2,608
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl	0.01%	2,306
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl.metadata	0.01%	2,167
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.01%	2,046
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-win32.whl	0.01%	1,991
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.01%	1,812
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-win32.whl	0.00%	1,799
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-win32.whl	0.00%	1,749
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl	0.00%	1,561
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl	0.00%	1,530
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	1,485
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-win_arm64.whl	0.00%	1,326
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl	0.00%	1,313
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-win32.whl	0.00%	1,274
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-win_arm64.whl	0.00%	1,220
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl	0.00%	1,194
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-win_arm64.whl	0.00%	1,169
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-win32.whl	0.00%	1,144
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl	0.00%	1,128
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-win32.whl.metadata	0.00%	1,120
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl	0.00%	1,060
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	1,051
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl	0.00%	1,038
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-win_arm64.whl	0.00%	1,023
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	992
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-win32.whl.metadata	0.00%	953
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl	0.00%	931
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl	0.00%	928
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl	0.00%	927
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl	0.00%	924
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	923
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	923
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	901
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl	0.00%	900
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl	0.00%	899
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	899
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	898
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-win_arm64.whl	0.00%	896
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl	0.00%	896
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl	0.00%	894
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	893
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	891
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl	0.00%	890
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	887
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	886
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	886
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	886
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	885
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	885
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl	0.00%	885
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl	0.00%	885
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl	0.00%	882
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-win_arm64.whl	0.00%	882
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl	0.00%	881
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	881
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl	0.00%	880
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	880
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl	0.00%	880
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	879
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	879
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl	0.00%	879
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	877
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl	0.00%	877
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	876
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl	0.00%	873
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	872
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl	0.00%	872
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	872
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl	0.00%	871
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	870
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	869
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl	0.00%	868
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	867
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl	0.00%	867
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl.metadata	0.00%	838
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-win32.whl.metadata	0.00%	776
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.00%	768
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.00%	716
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-win32.whl.metadata	0.00%	712
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	607
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	599
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	439
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-win_arm64.whl.metadata	0.00%	438
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-win_arm64.whl.metadata	0.00%	340
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	292
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-win32.whl.metadata	0.00%	286
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-win32.whl.metadata	0.00%	284
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	279
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-win32.whl.metadata	0.00%	273
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	258
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-win_arm64.whl.metadata	0.00%	249
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	154
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-win_arm64.whl.metadata	0.00%	151
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	55
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	54
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	53
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	52
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	47
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	37
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	33
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	33
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	32
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	27
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	16
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	14
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	13
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	12
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	12
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	12
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	11
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	11
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-win_arm64.whl.metadata	0.00%	11
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	10
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	9
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl.metadata	0.00%	8
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl.metadata	0.00%	8
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	7
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	6
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	3
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	3
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_s390x.manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	2
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_ppc64le.manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl.metadata	0.00%	2
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	2
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	2
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	1
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl.metadata	0.00%	1
Total		36,037,630

Just the riscv8 wheels:

pypinfo --all --limit 10000 --days 1 --percent charset-normalizer==3.4.5 file | rg riscv64

file	percent	download_count
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	898
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	893
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	891
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	887
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	886
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	885
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	885
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	881
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	880
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	879
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	877
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl	0.00%	872
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	869
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl	0.00%	867
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	10
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	9
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	7
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	6
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	2
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	2
charset_normalizer-3.4.5-cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_riscv64.whl.metadata	0.00%	1
Total		12,447

12,447 out of 36,037,630 is about 0.03%.

How many wheels are needed? Is it the full set of Python 3.10-3.14 + 3.13t-3.15t + PyPy = 8? With 3.15+3.15t coming soon = 10?

How big are they each and in total? We fairly recently ran into PyPI's storage limit so should be careful what we add. We're already at 90 wheels, weighing 510 MB, with an extra ~25 (~140 MB) coming once we add 3.15+3.15t.

Can we natively test riscv64 on our CI?

How long do the wheels take to build? @radarhere's testing showed it timed out GHA's six-hour limit. Given the apparent low demand + high wheel build time, 5 minutes to build from source on the target device doesn't sound so bad.

While upstream support is pending, we maintain a PEP 503 index with 50+ riscv64 wheels for the Python ML/AI stack, built natively on RISC-V hardware.

Who is "we"?

[hugovk]

{
"message": "Not Found",
"documentation_url": "https://docs.github.com/rest",
"status": "404"
}

What happened here?

[gounthar]

Sorry about the 404 JSON above; that was me fumbling gh commands from the console. Please ignore it.

@hugovk thanks for the thorough analysis. Addressing your questions:

Who is "we": Me and a handful of other riscv64 enthusiasts/hobbyists working on getting the Python ecosystem usable on RISC-V hardware. No organization behind it, just folks with dev boards on their desks.

Download numbers: 0.03% is indeed low. For context, the first consumer boards with RVV 1.0 (SpacemiT K1) only started shipping in mid-2024, so it's still very early days for the platform.

How many wheels: We could start minimal : just cp312 + cp313 (2 wheels). That covers the vast majority of current riscv64 users. Free-threaded and older versions can wait.

Size: Our riscv64 wheel is ~1.2 MB. Two wheels would add ~2.4 MB total.

Build time: The 6-hour timeout @radarhere hit is a real problem with QEMU emulation. Two realistic options:

1. Self-hosted runners: I have two BananaPi F3 boards (SpacemiT K1, 8 cores, 16 GB RAM) already running as GitHub Actions self-hosted runners. A native Pillow build takes about 5 minutes. Happy to offer these for Pillow CI.
2. Cloud-V (by 10xEngineers, funded by RISC-V International / RISE): hosted RISC-V CI infrastructure for open-source projects.

Native testing: Same: self-hosted F3 boards or Cloud-V would enable native test runs.

@radarhere regarding the libaom build failure: this is a known bug in libaom v3.13.1 where highbd_convolve_rvv.c calls fallback functions (av1_highbd_convolve_*_c()) without prototypes when building for RISC-V. Workaround: pass -DHAVE_RVV=0 to disable the broken RVV intrinsics path. It's not fixed in any release yet.

Given the low demand and QEMU timeout, I completely understand if this isn't a priority. The self-hosted runner path would eliminate both build time and the libaom issue (native builds avoid the QEMU+emulation quirks), but it does add infrastructure dependency. Happy to discuss whatever approach works best for the project.