gh-136571: Convert more code in datetime to Argument Clinic (GH-136573)

This adds signatures for some classes and methods.

date.fromisocalendar() can now raise OverflowError for arguments that
don't fit in the C int.

Author: serhiy-storchaka

Doc/library/datetime.rst

@@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ locations where different offsets are used in different days of the year or
 where historical changes have been made to civil time.
 
 
-.. class:: timezone(offset, name=None)
+.. class:: timezone(offset[, name])
 
   The *offset* argument must be specified as a :class:`timedelta`
   object representing the difference between the local time and UTC. It must

Include/internal/pycore_global_objects_fini_generated.h

@@ -382,7 +382,9 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(d_parameter_type)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(data)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(database)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(date)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(day)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(days)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(debug)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(decode)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(decoder)
@@ -489,6 +491,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(hi)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(hook)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(hour)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(hours)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(id)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(ident)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(identity_hint)
@@ -583,8 +586,10 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(metadata)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(method)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(microsecond)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(microseconds)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(milliseconds)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(minute)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(minutes)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(mod)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(mode)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(module)
@@ -695,6 +700,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(scheduler)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(script)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(second)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(seconds)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(security_attributes)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(seek)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(seekable)
@@ -758,9 +764,12 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(text)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(threading)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(throw)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(time)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(timeout)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(timer)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(times)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(timespec)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(timestamp)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(timetuple)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(timeunit)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(top)
@@ -792,6 +801,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(wbits)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(week)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(weekday)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(weeks)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(which)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(who)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(withdata)

Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h

@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ def fromisocalendar(cls, year, week, day):
 
     @classmethod
     def strptime(cls, date_string, format):
-        """Parse a date string according to the given format (like time.strptime())."""
+        """Parse string according to the given date format (like time.strptime())."""
         import _strptime
         return _strptime._strptime_datetime_date(cls, date_string, format)
 
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ def __reduce__(self):
 
 
 class tzinfo:
-    """Abstract base class for time zone info classes.
+    """Abstract base class for time zone info objects.
 
     Subclasses must override the tzname(), utcoffset() and dst() methods.
     """
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ def __new__(cls, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0, tzinfo=None, *, fold
 
     @classmethod
     def strptime(cls, date_string, format):
-        """string, format -> new time parsed from a string (like time.strptime())."""
+        """Parse string according to the given time format (like time.strptime())."""
         import _strptime
         return _strptime._strptime_datetime_time(cls, date_string, format)
 
@@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ def __reduce__(self):
 
 
 class datetime(date):
-    """datetime(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[,tzinfo]]]]])
+    """A combination of a date and a time.
 
     The year, month and day arguments are required. tzinfo may be None, or an
     instance of a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints.
@@ -2209,7 +2209,7 @@ def __str__(self):
 
     @classmethod
     def strptime(cls, date_string, format):
-        'string, format -> new datetime parsed from a string (like time.strptime()).'
+        """Parse string according to the given date and time format (like time.strptime())."""
         import _strptime
         return _strptime._strptime_datetime_datetime(cls, date_string, format)
 
@@ -2435,6 +2435,8 @@ def _isoweek1monday(year):
 
 
 class timezone(tzinfo):
+    """Fixed offset from UTC implementation of tzinfo."""
+
     __slots__ = '_offset', '_name'
 
     # Sentinel value to disallow None