gh-116510: Fix crash due to shared immortal interned strings. (gh-124646)

(cherry picked from commit 98b2ed7)

Co-authored-by: Neil Schemenauer <[email protected]>

Author: nascheme

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-09-26-18-21-06.gh-issue-116510.FacUWO.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Fix a crash caused by immortal interned strings being shared between
+sub-interpreters that use basic single-phase init.  In that case, the string
+can be used by an interpreter that outlives the interpreter that created and
+interned it.  For interpreters that share obmalloc state, also share the
+interned dict with the main interpreter.

Objects/unicodeobject.c

@@ -277,13 +277,37 @@ hashtable_unicode_compare(const void *key1, const void *key2)
     }
 }
 
+/* Return true if this interpreter should share the main interpreter's
+   intern_dict.  That's important for interpreters which load basic
+   single-phase init extension modules (m_size == -1).  There could be interned
+   immortal strings that are shared between interpreters, due to the
+   PyDict_Update(mdict, m_copy) call in import_find_extension().
+
+   It's not safe to deallocate those strings until all interpreters that
+   potentially use them are freed.  By storing them in the main interpreter, we
+   ensure they get freed after all other interpreters are freed.
+*/
+static bool
+has_shared_intern_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *main_interp = _PyInterpreterState_Main();
+    return interp != main_interp  && interp->feature_flags & Py_RTFLAGS_USE_MAIN_OBMALLOC;
+}
+
 static int
 init_interned_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     assert(get_interned_dict(interp) == NULL);
-    PyObject *interned = interned = PyDict_New();
-    if (interned == NULL) {
-        return -1;
+    PyObject *interned;
+    if (has_shared_intern_dict(interp)) {
+        interned = get_interned_dict(_PyInterpreterState_Main());
+        Py_INCREF(interned);
+    }
+    else {
+        interned = PyDict_New();
+        if (interned == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
     }
     _Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, interned_strings) = interned;
     return 0;
@@ -294,7 +318,10 @@ clear_interned_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     PyObject *interned = get_interned_dict(interp);
     if (interned != NULL) {
-        PyDict_Clear(interned);
+        if (!has_shared_intern_dict(interp)) {
+            // only clear if the dict belongs to this interpreter
+            PyDict_Clear(interned);
+        }
         Py_DECREF(interned);
         _Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, interned_strings) = NULL;
     }
@@ -15306,6 +15333,13 @@ _PyUnicode_ClearInterned(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     }
     assert(PyDict_CheckExact(interned));
 
+    if (has_shared_intern_dict(interp)) {
+        // the dict doesn't belong to this interpreter, skip the debug
+        // checks on it and just clear the pointer to it
+        clear_interned_dict(interp);
+        return;
+    }
+
 #ifdef INTERNED_STATS
     fprintf(stderr, "releasing %zd interned strings\n",
             PyDict_GET_SIZE(interned));
@@ -15827,8 +15861,10 @@ _PyUnicode_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     struct _Py_unicode_state *state = &interp->unicode;
 
-    // _PyUnicode_ClearInterned() must be called before _PyUnicode_Fini()
-    assert(get_interned_dict(interp) == NULL);
+    if (!has_shared_intern_dict(interp)) {
+        // _PyUnicode_ClearInterned() must be called before _PyUnicode_Fini()
+        assert(get_interned_dict(interp) == NULL);
+    }
 
     _PyUnicode_FiniEncodings(&state->fs_codec);