Merge branch 'main' into c-api-pyrun-string-doc

Author: iamrajhans

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build-context
     if: fromJSON(needs.build-context.outputs.run-windows-msi)
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         arch:
         - x86
@@ -236,6 +237,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build-context
     if: needs.build-context.outputs.run-tests == 'true'
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         bolt:
         - false
@@ -452,6 +454,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build-context
     if: needs.build-context.outputs.run-tests == 'true'
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-24.04]
     env:
@@ -515,6 +518,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build-context
     if: needs.build-context.outputs.run-tests == 'true'
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         free-threading:
         - false

.github/workflows/jit.yml

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 90
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         llvm:
           - 19

.github/workflows/project-updater.yml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 10
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
           # if an issue has any of these labels, it will be added

.github/workflows/require-pr-label.yml

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
+      pull-requests: read
     timeout-minutes: 10
 
     steps:
@@ -28,8 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
+      pull-requests: read
     timeout-minutes: 10
 
     steps:

Doc/c-api/arg.rst

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 Parsing arguments and building values
 =====================================
 
-These functions are useful when creating your own extensions functions and
+These functions are useful when creating your own extension functions and
 methods.  Additional information and examples are available in
 :ref:`extending-index`.
 

Doc/c-api/intro.rst

@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@ familiar with writing an extension before  attempting to embed Python in a real
 application.
 
 
+Language version compatibility
+==============================
+
+Python's C API is compatible with C11 and C++11 versions of C and C++.
+
+This is a lower limit: the C API does not require features from later
+C/C++ versions.
+You do *not* need to enable your compiler's "c11 mode".
+
+
 Coding standards
 ================
 

Doc/c-api/module.rst

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ The available slot types are:
    in one module definition.
 
    If ``Py_mod_multiple_interpreters`` is not specified, the import
-   machinery defaults to ``Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED``.
+   machinery defaults to ``Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_SUPPORTED``.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.12
 

Doc/c-api/structures.rst

@@ -63,6 +63,11 @@ under :ref:`reference counting <countingrefs>`.
    See documentation of :c:type:`PyVarObject` above.
 
 
+.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyBaseObject_Type
+
+   The base class of all other objects, the same as :class:`object` in Python.
+
+
 .. c:function:: int Py_Is(PyObject *x, PyObject *y)
 
    Test if the *x* object is the *y* object, the same as ``x is y`` in Python.

Doc/c-api/unicode.rst

@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ Unicode Type
 These are the basic Unicode object types used for the Unicode implementation in
 Python:
 
+.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyUnicode_Type
+
+   This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python Unicode type.  It
+   is exposed to Python code as :py:class:`str`.
+
+
 .. c:type:: Py_UCS4
             Py_UCS2
             Py_UCS1
@@ -42,19 +48,6 @@ Python:
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
-.. c:type:: Py_UNICODE
-
-   This is a typedef of :c:type:`wchar_t`, which is a 16-bit type or 32-bit type
-   depending on the platform.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.3
-      In previous versions, this was a 16-bit type or a 32-bit type depending on
-      whether you selected a "narrow" or "wide" Unicode version of Python at
-      build time.
-
-   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
-
-
 .. c:type:: PyASCIIObject
             PyCompactUnicodeObject
             PyUnicodeObject
@@ -66,12 +59,6 @@ Python:
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
-.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyUnicode_Type
-
-   This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python Unicode type.  It
-   is exposed to Python code as ``str``.
-
-
 The following APIs are C macros and static inlined functions for fast checks and
 access to internal read-only data of Unicode objects:
 
@@ -87,16 +74,6 @@ access to internal read-only data of Unicode objects:
    subtype.  This function always succeeds.
 
 
-.. c:function:: int PyUnicode_READY(PyObject *unicode)
-
-   Returns ``0``. This API is kept only for backward compatibility.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.3
-
-   .. deprecated:: 3.10
-      This API does nothing since Python 3.12.
-
-
 .. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(PyObject *unicode)
 
    Return the length of the Unicode string, in code points.  *unicode* has to be a
@@ -149,12 +126,16 @@ access to internal read-only data of Unicode objects:
 .. c:function:: void PyUnicode_WRITE(int kind, void *data, \
                                      Py_ssize_t index, Py_UCS4 value)
 
-   Write into a canonical representation *data* (as obtained with
-   :c:func:`PyUnicode_DATA`).  This function performs no sanity checks, and is
-   intended for usage in loops.  The caller should cache the *kind* value and
-   *data* pointer as obtained from other calls.  *index* is the index in
-   the string (starts at 0) and *value* is the new code point value which should
-   be written to that location.
+   Write the code point *value* to the given zero-based *index* in a string.
+
+   The *kind* value and *data* pointer must have been obtained from a
+   string using :c:func:`PyUnicode_KIND` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_DATA`
+   respectively. You must hold a reference to that string while calling
+   :c:func:`!PyUnicode_WRITE`. All requirements of
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_WriteChar` also apply.
+
+   The function performs no checks for any of its requirements,
+   and is intended for usage in loops.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -196,6 +177,14 @@ access to internal read-only data of Unicode objects:
       is not ready.
 
 
+.. c:function:: unsigned int PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(PyObject *unicode)
+
+   Return true if the string only contains ASCII characters.
+   Equivalent to :py:meth:`str.isascii`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.2
+
+
 Unicode Character Properties
 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
@@ -330,11 +319,29 @@ APIs:
    to be placed in the string.  As an approximation, it can be rounded up to the
    nearest value in the sequence 127, 255, 65535, 1114111.
 
-   This is the recommended way to allocate a new Unicode object.  Objects
-   created using this function are not resizable.
-
    On error, set an exception and return ``NULL``.
 
+   After creation, the string can be filled by :c:func:`PyUnicode_WriteChar`,
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_Fill`,
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_WRITE` or similar.
+   Since strings are supposed to be immutable, take care to not “use” the
+   result while it is being modified. In particular, before it's filled
+   with its final contents, a string:
+
+   - must not be hashed,
+   - must not be :c:func:`converted to UTF-8 <PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize>`,
+     or another non-"canonical" representation,
+   - must not have its reference count changed,
+   - must not be shared with code that might do one of the above.
+
+   This list is not exhaustive. Avoiding these uses is your responsibility;
+   Python does not always check these requirements.
+
+   To avoid accidentally exposing a partially-written string object, prefer
+   using the :c:type:`PyUnicodeWriter` API, or one of the ``PyUnicode_From*``
+   functions below.
+
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
@@ -607,6 +614,15 @@ APIs:
    decref'ing the returned objects.
 
 
+.. c:function:: const char* PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding(void)
+
+   Return the name of the default string encoding, ``"utf-8"``.
+   See :func:`sys.getdefaultencoding`.
+
+   The returned string does not need to be freed, and is valid
+   until interpreter shutdown.
+
+
 .. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyUnicode_GetLength(PyObject *unicode)
 
    Return the length of the Unicode object, in code points.
@@ -627,6 +643,9 @@ APIs:
    possible.  Returns ``-1`` and sets an exception on error, otherwise returns
    the number of copied characters.
 
+   The string must not have been “used” yet.
+   See :c:func:`PyUnicode_New` for details.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
@@ -639,6 +658,9 @@ APIs:
    Fail if *fill_char* is bigger than the string maximum character, or if the
    string has more than 1 reference.
 
+   The string must not have been “used” yet.
+   See :c:func:`PyUnicode_New` for details.
+
    Return the number of written character, or return ``-1`` and raise an
    exception on error.
 
@@ -648,15 +670,16 @@ APIs:
 .. c:function:: int PyUnicode_WriteChar(PyObject *unicode, Py_ssize_t index, \
                                         Py_UCS4 character)
 
-   Write a character to a string.  The string must have been created through
-   :c:func:`PyUnicode_New`.  Since Unicode strings are supposed to be immutable,
-   the string must not be shared, or have been hashed yet.
+   Write a *character* to the string *unicode* at the zero-based *index*.
+   Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on error with an exception set.
 
    This function checks that *unicode* is a Unicode object, that the index is
-   not out of bounds, and that the object can be modified safely (i.e. that it
-   its reference count is one).
+   not out of bounds, and that the object's reference count is one).
+   See :c:func:`PyUnicode_WRITE` for a version that skips these checks,
+   making them your responsibility.
 
-   Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on error with an exception set.
+   The string must not have been “used” yet.
+   See :c:func:`PyUnicode_New` for details.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -1640,6 +1663,20 @@ They all return ``NULL`` or ``-1`` if an exception occurs.
       Strings interned this way are made :term:`immortal`.
 
 
+.. c:function:: unsigned int PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(PyObject *str)
+
+   Return a non-zero value if *str* is interned, zero if not.
+   The *str* argument must be a string; this is not checked.
+   This function always succeeds.
+
+   .. impl-detail::
+
+      A non-zero return value may carry additional information
+      about *how* the string is interned.
+      The meaning of such non-zero values, as well as each specific string's
+      intern-related details, may change between CPython versions.
+
+
 PyUnicodeWriter
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -1760,8 +1797,8 @@ object.
    *size* is the string length in bytes. If *size* is equal to ``-1``, call
    ``strlen(str)`` to get the string length.
 
-   *errors* is an error handler name, such as ``"replace"``. If *errors* is
-   ``NULL``, use the strict error handler.
+   *errors* is an :ref:`error handler <error-handlers>` name, such as
+   ``"replace"``. If *errors* is ``NULL``, use the strict error handler.
 
    If *consumed* is not ``NULL``, set *\*consumed* to the number of decoded
    bytes on success.
@@ -1772,3 +1809,49 @@ object.
    On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
 
    See also :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8`.
+
+Deprecated API
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The following API is deprecated.
+
+.. c:type:: Py_UNICODE
+
+   This is a typedef of :c:type:`wchar_t`, which is a 16-bit type or 32-bit type
+   depending on the platform.
+   Please use :c:type:`wchar_t` directly instead.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.3
+      In previous versions, this was a 16-bit type or a 32-bit type depending on
+      whether you selected a "narrow" or "wide" Unicode version of Python at
+      build time.
+
+   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicode_READY(PyObject *unicode)
+
+   Do nothing and return ``0``.
+   This API is kept only for backward compatibility, but there are no plans
+   to remove it.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.3
+
+   .. deprecated:: 3.10
+      This API does nothing since Python 3.12.
+      Previously, this needed to be called for each string created using
+      the old API (:c:func:`!PyUnicode_FromUnicode` or similar).
+
+
+.. c:function:: unsigned int PyUnicode_IS_READY(PyObject *unicode)
+
+   Do nothing and return ``1``.
+   This API is kept only for backward compatibility, but there are no plans
+   to remove it.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.3
+
+   .. deprecated:: next
+      This API does nothing since Python 3.12.
+      Previously, this could be called to check if
+      :c:func:`PyUnicode_READY` is necessary.