gh-139116: tracemalloc: Detach thread state when acquiring tables_lock

This prevents a deadlock when:

- One thread is in `_PyTraceMalloc_Stop`, with `TABLES_LOCK` held, calling
  `PyRefTracer_SetTracer` which wants to stop the world
- Another is thread in `PyTraceMalloc_Track`, just attached thread state, waiting
  for `TABLES_LOCK`

Detaching the thread state while waiting for `TABLES_LOCK` allows
`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` to stop the world.

Author: encukou

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-09-30-14-57-19.gh-issue-139116.nlVf40.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Prevent a deadlock when multiple threads start, stop and use tracemalloc
+simultaneously.

Python/tracemalloc.c

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static int _PyTraceMalloc_TraceRef(PyObject *op, PyRefTracerEvent event,
    the GIL held from PyMem_RawFree(). It cannot acquire the lock because it
    would introduce a deadlock in _PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent(). */
 #define tables_lock _PyRuntime.tracemalloc.tables_lock
-#define TABLES_LOCK() PyMutex_LockFlags(&tables_lock, _Py_LOCK_DONT_DETACH)
+#define TABLES_LOCK() PyMutex_LockFlags(&tables_lock, _PY_LOCK_DETACH)
 #define TABLES_UNLOCK() PyMutex_Unlock(&tables_lock)