diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2a6f249275c32e..1290dbefb0cd1f 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ Doc/.venv/
 Doc/env/
 Doc/.env/
 Include/pydtrace_probes.h
+Include/pyconfig.h
 Lib/site-packages/*
 !Lib/site-packages/README.txt
 Lib/test/data/*
diff --git a/Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts b/Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts
index c627cb1b0e0b22..89ee9418a026f6 100644
--- a/Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ val ANDROID_DIR = file("../..")
 val PYTHON_DIR = ANDROID_DIR.parentFile!!
 val PYTHON_CROSS_DIR = file("$PYTHON_DIR/cross-build")
 val inSourceTree = (
-    ANDROID_DIR.name == "Android" && file("$PYTHON_DIR/pyconfig.h.in").exists()
+    ANDROID_DIR.name == "Android" && file("$PYTHON_DIR/Include/pyconfig.h.in").exists()
 )
 
 val KNOWN_ABIS = mapOf(
diff --git a/pyconfig.h.in b/Include/pyconfig.h.in
similarity index 99%
rename from pyconfig.h.in
rename to Include/pyconfig.h.in
index c91facbedf94e5..7a18bf552e5578 100644
--- a/pyconfig.h.in
+++ b/Include/pyconfig.h.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* pyconfig.h.in.  Generated from configure.ac by autoheader.  */
+/* Include/pyconfig.h.in.  Generated from configure.ac by autoheader.  */
 
 
 #ifndef Py_PYCONFIG_H
diff --git a/Lib/sysconfig/__init__.py b/Lib/sysconfig/__init__.py
index 68890b45b82008..a79038028584e3 100644
--- a/Lib/sysconfig/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/sysconfig/__init__.py
@@ -455,14 +455,16 @@ def parse_config_h(fp, vars=None):
 
 def get_config_h_filename():
     """Return the path of pyconfig.h."""
+    parts = []
     if _PYTHON_BUILD:
         if os.name == "nt":
-            inc_dir = os.path.dirname(sys._base_executable)
+            parts.append(os.path.dirname(sys._base_executable))
         else:
-            inc_dir = _PROJECT_BASE
+            parts.extend([_PROJECT_BASE, 'Include'])
     else:
-        inc_dir = get_path('platinclude')
-    return os.path.join(inc_dir, 'pyconfig.h')
+        parts.append(get_path('platinclude'))
+    parts.append('pyconfig.h')
+    return os.path.join(*parts)
 
 
 def get_scheme_names():
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py b/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
index 53e55383bf9c72..00f8c3e8547f6b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ def test_srcdir(self):
             # <srcdir>/PC/pyconfig.h.in always exists even if unused
             pyconfig_h = os.path.join(srcdir, 'PC', 'pyconfig.h.in')
             self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(pyconfig_h), pyconfig_h)
-            pyconfig_h_in = os.path.join(srcdir, 'pyconfig.h.in')
+            pyconfig_h_in = os.path.join(srcdir, 'Include', 'pyconfig.h.in')
             self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(pyconfig_h_in), pyconfig_h_in)
             if os.name == 'nt':
                 # <executable dir>/pyconfig.h exists on Windows in a build tree
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index 3ab7c3d6c48ad9..07ec6d24d1f48b 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ SRCDIRS= 	@SRCDIRS@
 SUBDIRSTOO=	Include Lib Misc
 
 # Files and directories to be distributed
-CONFIGFILES=	configure configure.ac acconfig.h pyconfig.h.in Makefile.pre.in
+CONFIGFILES=	configure configure.ac acconfig.h Include/pyconfig.h.in Makefile.pre.in
 DISTFILES=	README.rst ChangeLog $(CONFIGFILES)
 DISTDIRS=	$(SUBDIRS) $(SUBDIRSTOO) Ext-dummy
 DIST=		$(DISTFILES) $(DISTDIRS)
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/warnings.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/weakrefobject.h \
 		\
-		pyconfig.h \
+		Include/pyconfig.h \
 		$(PARSER_HEADERS) \
 		\
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/abstract.h \
@@ -2875,8 +2875,8 @@ inclinstall:
 			$(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEPY)/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc; \
 		done; \
 	fi
-	echo $(INSTALL_DATA) pyconfig.h $(DESTDIR)$(CONFINCLUDEPY)/pyconfig.h
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) pyconfig.h $(DESTDIR)$(CONFINCLUDEPY)/pyconfig.h
+	echo $(INSTALL_DATA) Include/pyconfig.h $(DESTDIR)$(CONFINCLUDEPY)/pyconfig.h
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) Include/pyconfig.h $(DESTDIR)$(CONFINCLUDEPY)/pyconfig.h
 
 # Install the library and miscellaneous stuff needed for extending/embedding
 # This goes into $(exec_prefix)
@@ -3076,7 +3076,7 @@ JIT_DEPS = \
 		$(srcdir)/Tools/jit/*.c \
 		$(srcdir)/Tools/jit/*.py \
 		$(srcdir)/Python/executor_cases.c.h \
-		pyconfig.h
+		Include/pyconfig.h
 
 jit_stencils.h: $(JIT_DEPS)
 	@REGEN_JIT_COMMAND@
@@ -3209,7 +3209,7 @@ clean: clean-retain-profile clean-bolt
 clobber: clean
 	-rm -f $(BUILDPYTHON) $(LIBRARY) $(LDLIBRARY) $(DLLLIBRARY) \
 		tags TAGS \
-		config.cache config.log pyconfig.h Modules/config.c
+		config.cache config.log Include/pyconfig.h Modules/config.c
 	-rm -rf build platform
 	-rm -rf $(PYTHONFRAMEWORKDIR)
 	-rm -rf iOS/Frameworks
diff --git a/Tools/build/smelly.py b/Tools/build/smelly.py
index 9a360412a73a4d..771c60b65271ad 100755
--- a/Tools/build/smelly.py
+++ b/Tools/build/smelly.py
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ def check_library(library, dynamic=False):
 
 def check_extensions():
     print(__file__)
-    # This assumes pybuilddir.txt is in same directory as pyconfig.h.
+    # This assumes pybuilddir.txt is in same directory as Makefile.
     # In the case of out-of-tree builds, we can't assume pybuilddir.txt is
     # in the source folder.
-    config_dir = os.path.dirname(sysconfig.get_config_h_filename())
+    config_dir = os.path.dirname(sysconfig.get_makefile_filename())
     filename = os.path.join(config_dir, "pybuilddir.txt")
     try:
         with open(filename, encoding="utf-8") as fp:
diff --git a/Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py b/Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py
index 0dcf6ef844a048..23b7dcd970cf40 100755
--- a/Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py
+++ b/Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def regenerated_configure(file_paths):
 def regenerated_pyconfig_h_in(file_paths):
     """Check if pyconfig.h.in has been regenerated."""
     if 'configure.ac' in file_paths:
-        return "yes" if 'pyconfig.h.in' in file_paths else "no"
+        return "yes" if os.path.join('Include', 'pyconfig.h.in') in file_paths else "no"
     else:
         return "not needed"
 
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 2649a800f91a48..b53a506d2bb0f6 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -3645,7 +3645,7 @@ else
 fi
 
 
-ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers pyconfig.h"
+ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers Include/pyconfig.h"
 
 
 
@@ -35075,7 +35075,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 for ac_config_target in $ac_config_targets
 do
   case $ac_config_target in
-    "pyconfig.h") CONFIG_HEADERS="$CONFIG_HEADERS pyconfig.h" ;;
+    "Include/pyconfig.h") CONFIG_HEADERS="$CONFIG_HEADERS Include/pyconfig.h" ;;
     "Mac/Makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES Mac/Makefile" ;;
     "Mac/PythonLauncher/Makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES Mac/PythonLauncher/Makefile" ;;
     "Mac/Resources/framework/Info.plist") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES Mac/Resources/framework/Info.plist" ;;
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 5525a5b0ed5240..fb244b436a4e5a 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ else
 fi
 
 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([Include/object.h])
-AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([pyconfig.h])
+AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([Include/pyconfig.h])
 
 AC_CANONICAL_HOST
 AC_SUBST([build])