diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
index b2bde5a9b1d696..62875fda904857 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
@@ -1227,6 +1227,13 @@ def test_parse_qs_encoding(self):
                                                           errors="ignore")
         self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141-']})
 
+    def test_qsl_strict_parsing_raises(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            urllib.parse.parse_qsl("foo=^", strict_parsing=True)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            urllib.parse.parse_qsl(b"foo=`", strict_parsing=True)
+
     def test_parse_qsl_encoding(self):
         result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9", encoding="latin-1")
         self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\xE9')])
diff --git a/Lib/urllib/parse.py b/Lib/urllib/parse.py
index 67d9bbea0d3150..45d062cc11ff65 100644
--- a/Lib/urllib/parse.py
+++ b/Lib/urllib/parse.py
@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@
 # Unsafe bytes to be removed per WHATWG spec
 _UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE = ['\t', '\r', '\n']
 
+# Allowed valid characters in parse_qsl as per RFC 3986.
+_VALID_RFC3986_QUERY_CHARS = "-._~!$&'()*+,;=:@/?%"
+
 def clear_cache():
     """Clear internal performance caches. Undocumented; some tests want it."""
     urlsplit.cache_clear()
@@ -778,6 +781,15 @@ def parse_qs(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False,
             parsed_result[name] = [value]
     return parsed_result
 
+def _is_valid_rfc3986_query(chars):
+    """Return True if all characters are valid per RFC 3986."""
+    for ch in chars:
+        if not ch.isascii():
+            return False
+        if ch.isalnum() or ch in _VALID_RFC3986_QUERY_CHARS:
+            continue
+        return False
+    return True
 
 def parse_qsl(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False,
               encoding='utf-8', errors='replace', max_num_fields=None, separator='&', *, _stacklevel=1):
@@ -854,6 +866,13 @@ def _unquote(s):
             name, has_eq, value = name_value.partition(eq)
             if not has_eq and strict_parsing:
                 raise ValueError("bad query field: %r" % (name_value,))
+            if strict_parsing:
+                # Validate RFC3986 characters
+                to_check = _unquote(name_value)
+                if isinstance(to_check, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                    to_check = to_check.decode(encoding, errors)
+                if not _is_valid_rfc3986_query(to_check):
+                    raise ValueError(f"Invalid characters in query string per RFC 3986: {name_value!r}")
             if value or keep_blank_values:
                 name = _unquote(name)
                 value = _unquote(value)
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-08-31-13-00-22.gh-issue-138284.6MOp4k.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-08-31-13-00-22.gh-issue-138284.6MOp4k.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..9e4c88f08c2c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-08-31-13-00-22.gh-issue-138284.6MOp4k.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+:mod:`urllib.parse`: in strict parsing, :func:`~urllib.parse.parse_qsl` now properly rejects characters according to :rfc:`3986` and raises a :exc:`ValueError` when encountering them.