diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_interp_structs.h b/Include/internal/pycore_interp_structs.h
index fa9568ab4d0e85..4c55770e01da4f 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_interp_structs.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_interp_structs.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "pycore_structs.h"       // PyHamtObject
 #include "pycore_tstate.h"        // _PyThreadStateImpl
 #include "pycore_typedefs.h"      // _PyRuntimeState
+#include "pycore_uop.h"           // struct _PyUOpInstruction
 
 
 #define CODE_MAX_WATCHERS 8
@@ -949,6 +950,8 @@ struct _is {
     struct callable_cache callable_cache;
     PyObject *common_consts[NUM_COMMON_CONSTANTS];
     bool jit;
+    bool compiling;
+    struct _PyUOpInstruction *jit_uop_buffer;
     struct _PyExecutorObject *executor_list_head;
     struct _PyExecutorObject *executor_deletion_list_head;
     struct _PyExecutorObject *cold_executor;
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_optimizer.h b/Include/internal/pycore_optimizer.h
index 94d01999f68d9d..c1a6b7abbf5de4 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_optimizer.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_optimizer.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 #include "pycore_typedefs.h"      // _PyInterpreterFrame
+#include "pycore_uop.h"           // _PyUOpInstruction
 #include "pycore_uop_ids.h"
 #include "pycore_stackref.h"      // _PyStackRef
 #include <stdbool.h>
@@ -41,32 +42,6 @@ typedef struct {
     PyCodeObject *code;  // Weak (NULL if no corresponding ENTER_EXECUTOR).
 } _PyVMData;
 
-/* Depending on the format,
- * the 32 bits between the oparg and operand are:
- * UOP_FORMAT_TARGET:
- *    uint32_t target;
- * UOP_FORMAT_JUMP
- *    uint16_t jump_target;
- *    uint16_t error_target;
- */
-typedef struct {
-    uint16_t opcode:15;
-    uint16_t format:1;
-    uint16_t oparg;
-    union {
-        uint32_t target;
-        struct {
-            uint16_t jump_target;
-            uint16_t error_target;
-        };
-    };
-    uint64_t operand0;  // A cache entry
-    uint64_t operand1;
-#ifdef Py_STATS
-    uint64_t execution_count;
-#endif
-} _PyUOpInstruction;
-
 typedef struct _PyExitData {
     uint32_t target;
     uint16_t index;
@@ -118,9 +93,6 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Executors_InvalidateCold(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 // trace_run_counter is greater than this value.
 #define JIT_CLEANUP_THRESHOLD 100000
 
-// This is the length of the trace we project initially.
-#define UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH 1200
-
 #define TRACE_STACK_SIZE 5
 
 int _Py_uop_analyze_and_optimize(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_uop.h b/Include/internal/pycore_uop.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..4abefd3b95d21a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_uop.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef Py_CORE_UOP_H
+#define Py_CORE_UOP_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+/* Depending on the format,
+ * the 32 bits between the oparg and operand are:
+ * UOP_FORMAT_TARGET:
+ *    uint32_t target;
+ * UOP_FORMAT_JUMP
+ *    uint16_t jump_target;
+ *    uint16_t error_target;
+ */
+typedef struct _PyUOpInstruction{
+    uint16_t opcode:15;
+    uint16_t format:1;
+    uint16_t oparg;
+    union {
+        uint32_t target;
+        struct {
+            uint16_t jump_target;
+            uint16_t error_target;
+        };
+    };
+    uint64_t operand0;  // A cache entry
+    uint64_t operand1;
+#ifdef Py_STATS
+    uint64_t execution_count;
+#endif
+} _PyUOpInstruction;
+
+// This is the length of the trace we project initially.
+#define UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH 1200
+#define UOP_BUFFER_SIZE (UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH * sizeof(_PyUOpInstruction))
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_UOP_H */
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index 34bd4540efb0b8..f1fe50c88ebde6 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -1435,6 +1435,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject_generated.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_unionobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_uniqueid.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_uop.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_uop_ids.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_warnings.h \
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
index e9eedfd1312fae..1868b222f18534 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
@@ -882,6 +882,15 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_uniqueid.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_uop.h">
+      <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_uop_ids.h">
+      <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_uop_metadata.h">
+      <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\mimalloc\mimalloc.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal\mimalloc</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
diff --git a/Python/optimizer.c b/Python/optimizer.c
index b82c790ffa9e69..6f27b521018c8c 100644
--- a/Python/optimizer.c
+++ b/Python/optimizer.c
@@ -116,7 +116,10 @@ _PyOptimizer_Optimize(
     _PyExecutorObject **executor_ptr, int chain_depth)
 {
     _PyStackRef *stack_pointer = frame->stackpointer;
-    assert(_PyInterpreterState_GET()->jit);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    assert(interp->jit);
+    assert(!interp->compiling);
+    interp->compiling = true;
     // The first executor in a chain and the MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH'th executor *must*
     // make progress in order to avoid infinite loops or excessively-long
     // side-exit chains. We can only insert the executor into the bytecode if
@@ -126,10 +129,12 @@ _PyOptimizer_Optimize(
     PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
     assert(PyCode_Check(code));
     if (progress_needed && !has_space_for_executor(code, start)) {
+        interp->compiling = false;
         return 0;
     }
     int err = uop_optimize(frame, start, executor_ptr, (int)(stack_pointer - _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame)), progress_needed);
     if (err <= 0) {
+        interp->compiling = false;
         return err;
     }
     assert(*executor_ptr != NULL);
@@ -143,6 +148,7 @@ _PyOptimizer_Optimize(
              * it might get confused by the executor disappearing,
              * but there is not much we can do about that here. */
             Py_DECREF(*executor_ptr);
+            interp->compiling = false;
             return 0;
         }
         insert_executor(code, start, index, *executor_ptr);
@@ -152,6 +158,7 @@ _PyOptimizer_Optimize(
     }
     (*executor_ptr)->vm_data.chain_depth = chain_depth;
     assert((*executor_ptr)->vm_data.valid);
+    interp->compiling = false;
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1280,7 +1287,14 @@ uop_optimize(
 {
     _PyBloomFilter dependencies;
     _Py_BloomFilter_Init(&dependencies);
-    _PyUOpInstruction buffer[UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH];
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    if (interp->jit_uop_buffer == NULL) {
+        interp->jit_uop_buffer = (_PyUOpInstruction *)_PyObject_VirtualAlloc(UOP_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        if (interp->jit_uop_buffer == NULL) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    _PyUOpInstruction *buffer = interp->jit_uop_buffer;
     OPT_STAT_INC(attempts);
     char *env_var = Py_GETENV("PYTHON_UOPS_OPTIMIZE");
     bool is_noopt = true;
diff --git a/Python/pylifecycle.c b/Python/pylifecycle.c
index 51a777077d8255..20d985f59e72eb 100644
--- a/Python/pylifecycle.c
+++ b/Python/pylifecycle.c
@@ -1702,6 +1702,7 @@ finalize_modules(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
     // Invalidate all executors and turn off JIT:
     interp->jit = false;
+    interp->compiling = false;
 #ifdef _Py_TIER2
     _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(interp, 0);
 #endif
diff --git a/Python/pystate.c b/Python/pystate.c
index 2465d8667472dc..5305fd47791ec4 100644
--- a/Python/pystate.c
+++ b/Python/pystate.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "pycore_runtime_init.h"  // _PyRuntimeState_INIT
 #include "pycore_stackref.h"      // Py_STACKREF_DEBUG
 #include "pycore_time.h"          // _PyTime_Init()
+#include "pycore_uop.h"           // UOP_BUFFER_SIZE
 #include "pycore_uniqueid.h"      // _PyObject_FinalizePerThreadRefcounts()
 
 
@@ -556,6 +557,11 @@ init_interpreter(PyInterpreterState *interp,
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     _Py_brc_init_state(interp);
 #endif
+
+#ifdef _Py_TIER2
+     // Ensure the buffer is to be set as NULL.
+    interp->jit_uop_buffer = NULL;
+#endif
     llist_init(&interp->mem_free_queue.head);
     llist_init(&interp->asyncio_tasks_head);
     interp->asyncio_tasks_lock = (PyMutex){0};
@@ -571,6 +577,7 @@ init_interpreter(PyInterpreterState *interp,
     }
     interp->_code_object_generation = 0;
     interp->jit = false;
+    interp->compiling = false;
     interp->executor_list_head = NULL;
     interp->executor_deletion_list_head = NULL;
     interp->executor_deletion_list_remaining_capacity = 0;
@@ -803,6 +810,10 @@ interpreter_clear(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyThreadState *tstate)
 
 #ifdef _Py_TIER2
     _Py_ClearExecutorDeletionList(interp);
+    if (interp->jit_uop_buffer != NULL) {
+        _PyObject_VirtualFree(interp->jit_uop_buffer, UOP_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        interp->jit_uop_buffer = NULL;
+    }
 #endif
     _PyAST_Fini(interp);
     _PyAtExit_Fini(interp);