Fix type inference of positional parameter in class pattern involving builtin subtype (#18141)

Fixes #18140

### Demo
```python
from typing import reveal_type

class A(str):
    pass

class B(str):
    __match_args__ = ("b",)
    
    @Property
    def b(self) -> int: return 1


match A("a"):
    case A(a):
        reveal_type(a)  # before: Revealed type is "__main__.A"
                        # after:  Revealed type is "__main__.A"
        print(type(a))  # output: <class '__main__.A'>

match B("b"):
    case B(b):
        reveal_type(b)  # before: Revealed type is "__main__.B"
                        # after:  Revealed type is "builtins.int"
        print(type(b))  # output: <class 'int'>
```

Author: brianschubert

mypy/checkpattern.py

@@ -693,7 +693,9 @@ def visit_class_pattern(self, o: ClassPattern) -> PatternType:
 
     def should_self_match(self, typ: Type) -> bool:
         typ = get_proper_type(typ)
-        if isinstance(typ, Instance) and typ.type.is_named_tuple:
+        if isinstance(typ, Instance) and typ.type.get("__match_args__") is not None:
+            # Named tuples and other subtypes of builtins that define __match_args__
+            # should not self match.
             return False
         for other in self.self_match_types:
             if is_subtype(typ, other):

test-data/unit/check-python310.test

@@ -648,6 +648,25 @@ match m:
         reveal_type(m)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.tuple[Any, ...]"
 [builtins fixtures/primitives.pyi]
 
+[case testMatchClassPatternCaptureSelfSubtype]
+class A(str):
+    pass
+
+class B(str):
+    __match_args__ = ("b",)
+    b: int
+
+def f1(x: A):
+    match x:
+        case A(a):
+            reveal_type(a)  # N: Revealed type is "__main__.A"
+
+def f2(x: B):
+    match x:
+        case B(b):
+            reveal_type(b)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
+[builtins fixtures/tuple.pyi]
+
 [case testMatchInvalidClassPattern]
 m: object