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README.md

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# STARS
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**⚠ Work in progress**
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This repository contains the **Quarto source used to build the [STARS project website](https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/stars/)**, which collates and explains research outputs from STARS.
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[![Sharing Tools and Artefacts for Reproducible & Reusable Simulations in healthcare](images/stars_reproduce_reuse_banner_blue.png)](https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/stars/)

css/theme.css

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/* Navbar/sidebar toggle button background and text/icon color */
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.quarto-secondary-nav .quarto-btn-toggle.btn {
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background-color: #0a4568;
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color: #ffffff;
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margin-right: 1rem !important;
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border: none;
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border-radius: 0;
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box-shadow: none;
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}
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.quarto-banner nav.quarto-secondary-nav {
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border-top: 1px solid #0a4568;
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border-bottom: 4px solid #0a4568;
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}
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/* Breadcrumb items (i.e., page > page) */
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.quarto-secondary-nav nav.quarto-page-breadcrumbs a {
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color: #cad6dd;
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}
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.quarto-title-banner a {
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pages/research/computational_reproducibility.qmd

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- "../publications/2025/heather2025reproducibility/index.qmd"
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---
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::: {.card}
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::: {.card-blue}
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**Take-home message:**
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## Publications
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::: {#pub}
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:::
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:::
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<br>
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---
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*This page was written by Amy Heather and reflects her interpretation of this work, which may not fully represent the views of all project authors or affiliated institutions.*

pages/research/des_rap_book.qmd

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orcid: 0000-0002-2204-8924
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---
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Page yet to be written!
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## Summary
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We have developed the [DES RAP Book](https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/des_rap_book/), a practical guide that teaches users how to build reproducible discrete-event simulation models (DES) that fit into a reproducible analytical pipeline (RAP), with tips that benefit all types of models and analysis.
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Key features include:
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* **Dual Implementation:** Every concept is demonstrated with working code examples in both Python (SimPy) and R (simmer), allowing you to learn in your preferred language.
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* **Example repositories:** The book includes practical case studies like M/M/s queueing models and a stroke capacity planning model, implementing all the book recommendations and available as separate GitHub repositories.
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* **Built on Research:** Follows the [STARS reproducibility recommendations](/pages/research/computational_reproducibility.qmd) and the [NHS RAP Community of Practice Levels of RAP](https://nhsdigital.github.io/rap-community-of-practice/introduction_to_RAP/levels_of_RAP/).
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* **Interactive Learning:** Structured as a Quarto website with searchable content, code examples you can copy, and clear explanations suitable for beginners through advanced users.
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## Websites and GitHub repositories
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**DES RAP Book:** &nbsp;
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-des__rap__book-green?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/des_rap_book)
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/DOI-10.5281/zenodo.17094155-blue?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17094155)
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-des__rap__book-purple?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/des_rap_book/)
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**Python M/M/s queueing model:** &nbsp;
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-pydesrap__mms-green?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/pydesrap_mms)
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/DOI-10.5281/zenodo.14622466-blue?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14622466)
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**R M/M/s queueing model:** &nbsp;
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-rdesrap__mms-green?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/rdesrap_mms)
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/DOI-10.5281/zenodo.14980863-blue?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14980863)
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**Python stroke model:** &nbsp;
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-pydesrap__stroke-green?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/pydesrap_stroke)
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/DOI-10.5281/zenodo.15574906-blue?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15574906)
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**R stroke model:** &nbsp;
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-rdesrap__stroke-green?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/rdesrap_stroke)
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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/DOI-10.5281/zenodo.15863376-blue?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=gray)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15863376)
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## Preview e-book
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```{=html}
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<div class="iframe-wrapper">
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<div class="iframe-header">
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<span>Website preview:</span>
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<a href="https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/des_rap_book/"
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target="_blank" rel="noopener">
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View full website in new tab
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</a>
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</div>
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<iframe
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width="100%"
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height="500"
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src="https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/des_rap_book/"
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title="DES RAP Book">
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</iframe>
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</div>
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<br>
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```
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## Publications
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In development!
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<br>
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---
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*This page was written by Amy Heather and reflects her interpretation of this work, which may not fully represent the views of all project authors or affiliated institutions.*
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title: "DES sharing review"
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author:
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- name: Thomas Monks
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affiliation: University of Exeter Medical School
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orcid: 0000-0003-2631-4481
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- name: Alison Harper
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affiliation: University of Exeter Business School
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orcid: 0000-0001-5274-5037
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listing:
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- id: pub
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contents:
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- "../publications/2023/monks2023computer/index.qmd"
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---
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Page yet to be written!
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## Summary
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Our focus in this study is on the practice of sharing healthcare DES computer models: to what extent do health researchers openly share their DES computer models, how do they do it, and what actions could the DES community take to improve what is shared?
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### Model sharing
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In total, 47 (8.3%) of the included 564 studies cited an openly available DES computer model that was used to generate their results. Of these 47, the majority (n = 29) of models were developed using FOSS tools
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The proportion of the literature that cited an openly available DES computer model increased from 4.0% in 2019 to 9.0% in 2022; the years 2020–2022 were similar in proportion. The figure below illustrates this, with models split by year and whether they focused on COVID-19.
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![Sharing of models by year of publication](des_sharing_review_resources/sharing_by_year.jpg){width=80% fig-align="center"}
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### Model audit
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The table shows the results or out audit, split by code and VIM-based models. VIM are Visual Interactive Modelling software (VIM; e.g., Arena, Anylogic, or Simio).
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| Practice | CODE (%) | VIM (%) |
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| - | - | - |
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| Model has DOI | 4 (12.9) | 3 (18.8) |
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| ORCID | 3 (9.7) | 3 (18.8) |
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| Licensed | 15 (48.4) | 6 (37.5) |
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| Readme | 21 (67.7) | 7 (43.8) |
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| Steps to run | 13 (41.9) | 3 (18.8) |
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| Formal Dep Mgt | 7 (22.6) | n/a |
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| Informal Dep Mgt | 7 (22.6) | 8 (50.0) |
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| Evidence of testing | 3 (9.7) | n/a |
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| Model downloadable | 31 (100.0) | 11 (68.8) |
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| Model interactive online | 4 (12.9) | 6 (37.5) |
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## Online supplementary appendix
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We created a Jupyter Book to serve as an online supplementary appendix, providing greater detail on the review results. This can be viewed at <https://tommonks.github.io/des_sharing_lit_review>. The codebase behind this website is open and available at <https://github.com/TomMonks/des_sharing_lit_review>.
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```{=html}
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<div class="iframe-wrapper">
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<div class="iframe-header">
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<span>Website preview:</span>
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<a href="https://tommonks.github.io/des_sharing_lit_review"
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target="_blank" rel="noopener">
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View full website in new tab
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</a>
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</div>
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<iframe
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width="100%"
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height="500"
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src="https://tommonks.github.io/des_sharing_lit_review"
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title="Model and code sharing practices in healthcare discrete-event simulation - a systematic review">
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</iframe>
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</div>
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<br>
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```
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## Zotero
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We created a Zotero online database with studies that shared computer simulation models: <https://www.zotero.org/groups/4877863/des_papers_with_code/library>.
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## Subsequent work
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Following on from this review, we developed the [STARS framework for model reuse](/pages/research/stars_framework_reuse.qmd), which provides practical guidance to help improve the reusability of shared healthcare DES models.
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## Publication
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:::
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<br>
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---
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*This page was written by Amy Heather and reflects her interpretation of this work, which may not fully represent the views of all project authors or affiliated institutions.*
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pages/research/eom_rcc.qmd

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title: "Exeter Oncology Model: Renal Cell Carcinoma edition"
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author:
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- name: Amy Heather
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affiliation: University of Exeter Medical School
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orcid: 0000-0002-6596-3479
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Exeter Oncology Model: Renal Cell Carcinoma edition (EOM-RCC)
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## Context
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Page yet to be written!
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The **Exeter Oncology Model: Renal Cell Carcinoma edition (EOM-RCC)** is a platform cost-effectiveness model encompassing each decision node in the disease area for advanced renal cell carcinoma.
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It was constructed as part of two National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) appraisals:
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* The NICE Pathways Pilot appraisal (ID6186, [GID-TA11186](https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ta11186)).
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* The NICE appraisal of cabozantinib plus nivolumab ([TA964](https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta964)) (formerly ID6184, whilst in development).
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The model was developed by the Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG) and collaborators. It's development is briefly described in:
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> Lee D, Burns D, Wilson E. NICE’s Pathways Pilot: Pursuing Good Decision Making in Difficult Circumstances. PharmacoEconomics - Open 2024. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-024-00490-x>.
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The model is available on GitHub:
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> Lee D. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-8456), Muthukumar M. , Lovell A., Farmer C., Burns D. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5209-8041), Matthews J., Coelho H. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4799-4300), O'Toole B., Trigg L. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-2616), Snowsill T. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-2819), Barnish M. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-6548), Nikoglou T., Brand A., Ahmad Z., Abdelsabour A. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2532-4676), Robinson S. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0463-875X), Heather A. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6596-3479), Wilson E. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-1577), Melendez-Torres G. [![ORCID](/images/orcid.png)](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-4790) Exeter Oncology Model: RCC edition URL: <https://github.com/nice-digital/NICE-model-repo>.
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## Improving the reusability of EOM-RCC
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Our involvement in EOM-RCC as part of the STARS project has been to help improve the reusability of the model, including helping it adhere to the [STARS framework for model reuse](/pages/research/stars_framework_reuse.qmd).
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Below, we have linked to our forked versions of the GitHub repositories with these changes, but they have also been integrated into the NICE model repository linked above.
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### GitHub repository
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We can compare the repository [before](https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/stars-eom-rcc/tree/8e2bb675c86e86e9d1318094a880f17682d86fa4) and [after](https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/stars-eom-rcc) our changes, to see that amendments included that we:
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* Add dependency management (using `renv`).
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* Add model documentation and web app (as described below).
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* Add `CHANGELOG.md` and `CITATION.cff`
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* Amended `README.md` to incorporate information from the word document (which had instructions on how to run the model) - as well adding things like badges, ORCID IDs, repository overview, citation instructions, and funding.
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* Created releases and archived the repository on Zenodo.
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### Model documentation
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We developed a website with detailed model documentation which you can view at <https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/stars-eom-rcc/> (code available [on GitHub](https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/stars-eom-rcc/tree/main/docs)). It provides:
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* Acronyms.
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* Context on the associated NICE appraisals, articles and reports.
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* A detailed summary of the analysis.
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* A plain english summary of the analysis.
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* Installation instructions.
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* A step-by-step walkthrough of the code in `Model_Structure.R`.
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* Descriptions of the probabilistic analysis and scenario analysis.
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* Details about the license, citation instructions and the changelog.
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```{=html}
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<div class="iframe-wrapper">
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<div class="iframe-header">
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<span>Documentation website preview:</span>
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<a href="https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/stars-eom-rcc/"
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target="_blank" rel="noopener">
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View full website in new tab
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</a>
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</div>
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<iframe
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src="https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/stars-eom-rcc/"
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title="EOM:RCC web app">
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</iframe>
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</div>
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<br>
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```
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For example, a diagram from our [plain english summary](https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/stars-eom-rcc/pages/plain_english.html) of the analysis:
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![](eom_rcc_resources/basic_overview.drawio.png){width=80% fig-align="center"}
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Conversely, a diagram from the [detailed summary](https://pythonhealthdatascience.github.io/stars-eom-rcc/pages/model_overview.html):
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![](eom_rcc_resources/detailed_overview_vertical.drawio.png){width=80% fig-align="center"}
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### Web application
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The ambition for EOM:RCC is to create a shiny interface that allows users to interact and run the full economic model from a web application. We created pilot example web app has been created which allows users to run one part of the analysis: creating a table of possible treatment sequences.
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The app was developed using RShiny, with code available at <https://github.com/pythonhealthdatascience/stars-eom-rcc/tree/main/shinyapp>. The app is hosted using shinyapps at <https://amyheather.shinyapps.io/shinyapp/>.
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```{=html}
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<div class="iframe-wrapper">
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<div class="iframe-header">
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<span>Web app preview:</span>
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<a href="https://amyheather.shinyapps.io/shinyapp/"
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target="_blank" rel="noopener">
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View full app in new tab
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</a>
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</div>
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<iframe
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src="https://amyheather.shinyapps.io/shinyapp/"
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title="EOM:RCC web app">
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</iframe>
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</div>
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<br>
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```
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## Feedback
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::: {.card-blue}
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**Feedback from Dawn Lee (PenTAG):** "What you've done looks fantastic and should really help us demonstrate the potential for our bid. Wanted to say a massive thank you for all your hard work on this!"
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:::
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<br>
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---
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*This page was written by Amy Heather and reflects her interpretation of this work, which may not fully represent the views of all project authors or affiliated institutions.*
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