diff --git a/backends/arm/_passes/annotate_channels_last_dim_order_pass.py b/backends/arm/_passes/annotate_channels_last_dim_order_pass.py
index 24a2bd3c513..4744845dc2a 100644
--- a/backends/arm/_passes/annotate_channels_last_dim_order_pass.py
+++ b/backends/arm/_passes/annotate_channels_last_dim_order_pass.py
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@
 def _transpose_impl(*args, **kwargs):
     # Validate length of dim_order array
     dim = args[1]
-    assert len(dim) in (4, 5)
+    if len(dim) != 4 and len(dim) != 5:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Dim order length must be either 4 or 5, got {len(dim)}: {dim}"
+        )
     # Pass-through in edge-IR
     return args[0]
 
diff --git a/backends/arm/_passes/convert_split_to_slice.py b/backends/arm/_passes/convert_split_to_slice.py
index 06104811be5..67bd9d73e81 100644
--- a/backends/arm/_passes/convert_split_to_slice.py
+++ b/backends/arm/_passes/convert_split_to_slice.py
@@ -41,9 +41,14 @@ def call(self, graph_module: torch.fx.GraphModule):
             dim = split_node.args[2] if len(split_node.args) > 2 else 0
             dim = (dim + rank) % rank
 
-            assert (
-                sum(split_lengths) == shape[dim]
-            ), "Given split lengths don't sum up to the size of the dimension."
+            # Validate that split lengths cover the entire dimension
+            length_sum = sum(split_lengths)
+            dim_size = shape[dim]
+            if length_sum != dim_size:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Split sizes {split_lengths} sum to {length_sum}, "
+                    f"but dimension {dim} has size {dim_size}"
+                )
 
             # Convert split argument 'split_lengths' to slice arguments start and end.
             starts = [0] * len(split_lengths)
diff --git a/backends/arm/_passes/fold_qdq_with_annotated_qparams_pass.py b/backends/arm/_passes/fold_qdq_with_annotated_qparams_pass.py
index 4d265534f97..63c57e1bedd 100644
--- a/backends/arm/_passes/fold_qdq_with_annotated_qparams_pass.py
+++ b/backends/arm/_passes/fold_qdq_with_annotated_qparams_pass.py
@@ -120,7 +120,9 @@ def fold_and_annotate_arg(
         if input_qparams is not None:
             node.meta["input_qparams"][i] = input_qparams
             for n in nodes_to_remove:
-                assert n.target == dq_op
+                if n.target != dq_op:
+                    raise RuntimeError(f"Expected {dq_op} dq_op, got {n.target}")
+
                 n.replace_all_uses_with(n.args[0])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
                 graph_module.graph.erase_node(n)
 
@@ -136,14 +138,16 @@ def call(self, graph_module: GraphModule) -> PassResult:
                 continue
 
             # Make sure we haven't already set qparams meta information on the node
-            assert "input_qparams" not in n.meta, (
-                f'Unexpected key "input_qparams" found in meta for node {n}. '
-                "input_qparams should not have been set at this point"
-            )
-            assert "output_qparams" not in n.meta, (
-                f'Unexpected key "output_qparams" found in meta for node {n}. '
-                "output_qparams should not have been set at this point"
-            )
+            if "input_qparams" in n.meta:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'Unexpected key "input_qparams" found in meta for node {n}. '
+                    "input_qparams should not have been set at this point"
+                )
+            if "output_qparams" in n.meta:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'Unexpected key "output_qparams" found in meta for node {n}. '
+                    "output_qparams should not have been set at this point"
+                )
 
             # for the inputs and outputs search the graph for quantization info and
             # store the information in a dict with order of the _tensor_ inputs as key,
diff --git a/backends/arm/_passes/insert_table_ops.py b/backends/arm/_passes/insert_table_ops.py
index 6bb1ce7dce1..aeb9d3bc5eb 100644
--- a/backends/arm/_passes/insert_table_ops.py
+++ b/backends/arm/_passes/insert_table_ops.py
@@ -240,8 +240,17 @@ def call(self, graph_module: GraphModule) -> PassResult:
                     args=(node.args[0],),
                 )
                 output_node = table_node
-                assert len(input_qparams) == 1
-                assert len(output_qparams) == 1
+                # Expect exactly one quantization parameter for input and output
+                if len(input_qparams) != 1:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"InsertTableOpsPass expected exactly one input quantization parameter, "
+                        f"got {len(input_qparams)} for node {node.name}"
+                    )
+                if len(output_qparams) != 1:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"InsertTableOpsPass expected exactly one output quantization parameter, "
+                        f"got {len(output_qparams)} for node {node.name}"
+                    )
 
                 # Generate table buffer and how much to lshift the table output.
                 buffer, lshift = self.generate_table_values(
diff --git a/backends/arm/_passes/remove_clone_pass.py b/backends/arm/_passes/remove_clone_pass.py
index 9542a4097af..a2822c7378e 100644
--- a/backends/arm/_passes/remove_clone_pass.py
+++ b/backends/arm/_passes/remove_clone_pass.py
@@ -17,5 +17,8 @@ def call_operator(self, op, args, kwargs, meta):
         if op != exir_ops.edge.aten.clone.default:
             return super().call_operator(op, args, kwargs, meta)
 
-        assert len(args) == 1
+        if len(args) != 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"clone operator expects exactly one argument, got {len(args)}"
+            )
         return args[0]