diff --git a/backends/vulkan/runtime/VulkanBackend.cpp b/backends/vulkan/runtime/VulkanBackend.cpp
index 218bd31d1b4..7077a9df59c 100644
--- a/backends/vulkan/runtime/VulkanBackend.cpp
+++ b/backends/vulkan/runtime/VulkanBackend.cpp
@@ -359,15 +359,11 @@ class GraphBuilder {
       vkFn(*compute_graph_, args);
     }
 
-    // Parse the outputs, which will be mostly tensors.  For some reason,
-    // mutable buffers are shown to be returned in the fx.Graph but do not get
-    // returned by the delegate; this may be an implementation detail of how the
-    // executorch emitter handles mutable buffers.
+    // Parse the outputs, which will be mostly tensors but may contain tensorref
+    // values as well if the source graph returns parameter nodes.
     for (const uint32_t fb_id : *flatbuffer_->output_ids()) {
       const ValueRef ref = get_fb_id_valueref(fb_id);
-      if (compute_graph_->val_is_tensor(ref)) {
-        compute_graph_->set_output_tensor(ref);
-      }
+      compute_graph_->set_output_value(ref);
     }
 
     if (compute_graph_->graphconfig().enable_querypool) {
@@ -609,6 +605,12 @@ class VulkanBackend final : public ::executorch::runtime::BackendInterface {
             compute_graph->outputs()[i].staging,
             args[o]->toTensor().mutable_data_ptr(),
             args[o]->toTensor().numel());
+      }
+      // TensorRef values represent constant tensors which will not have been
+      // modified by the graph execution. Therefore, if a constant tensor is
+      // returned as an output, no action is required.
+      else if (compute_graph->val_is_tref(oref)) {
+        continue;
       } else {
         VK_THROW(
             "Could not handle output with type ",
diff --git a/backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ComputeGraph.cpp b/backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ComputeGraph.cpp
index b63f89e299d..cb14a41e98a 100644
--- a/backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ComputeGraph.cpp
+++ b/backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ComputeGraph.cpp
@@ -519,6 +519,14 @@ ValueRef ComputeGraph::set_output_tensor(
   return idx;
 }
 
+ValueRef ComputeGraph::set_output_value(const ValueRef idx) {
+  if (values_.at(idx).isTensor()) {
+    return set_output_tensor(idx);
+  }
+  outputs_.push_back({idx, kDummyValueRef});
+  return idx;
+}
+
 vkapi::BufferBindInfo ComputeGraph::get_or_create_int_param_buffer(
     const ValueRef idx) {
   if (values_.at(idx).isInt()) {
diff --git a/backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ComputeGraph.h b/backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ComputeGraph.h
index eac632e6d35..78135a434e5 100644
--- a/backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ComputeGraph.h
+++ b/backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ComputeGraph.h
@@ -658,6 +658,8 @@ class ComputeGraph final {
   ValueRef set_input_tensor(const ValueRef idx, const bool use_staging = true);
   ValueRef set_output_tensor(const ValueRef idx, const bool use_staging = true);
 
+  ValueRef set_output_value(const ValueRef idx);
+
   template <typename Block>
   vkapi::BufferBindInfo create_params_buffer(const Block& data) {
     param_ubos_.emplace_back(api::ParamsBuffer(context_.get(), data));
diff --git a/backends/vulkan/serialization/vulkan_graph_builder.py b/backends/vulkan/serialization/vulkan_graph_builder.py
index d21d33b75da..5bae0475c28 100644
--- a/backends/vulkan/serialization/vulkan_graph_builder.py
+++ b/backends/vulkan/serialization/vulkan_graph_builder.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 from executorch.backends.vulkan.utils import (
     is_constant,
     is_get_attr_node,
+    is_mutable_buffer_node,
     is_param_node,
     is_symint_node,
 )
@@ -382,6 +383,11 @@ def process_output_node(self, node: Node) -> None:
                     "the output node is being serialized before its corresponding "
                     "internal node which is not allowed."
                 )
+            # Mutable buffers outputs are not included as an output to the
+            # delegate call. Skip marking them as an output.
+            if is_mutable_buffer_node(out_node, self.program):
+                continue
+
             self.output_ids.append(self.node_to_value_ids[out_node])
 
     def process_node(self, node: Node, call_node_debug_hdl: int) -> None:
diff --git a/backends/vulkan/utils.py b/backends/vulkan/utils.py
index 5d57ce1e7be..d71c0a35776 100644
--- a/backends/vulkan/utils.py
+++ b/backends/vulkan/utils.py
@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@ def is_param_node(program: ExportedProgram, node: torch.fx.Node) -> bool:
     )
 
 
+def is_mutable_buffer_node(
+    node: torch.fx.Node, exported_program: ExportedProgram
+) -> bool:
+    if node.target not in exported_program.graph_signature.inputs_to_buffers:
+        return False
+    buf = exported_program.graph_signature.inputs_to_buffers[node.target]
+    return buf in exported_program.graph_signature.buffers_to_mutate.values()
+
+
 def is_symint_node(node: torch.fx.Node) -> bool:
     """
     Returns true if the given node produces a SymInt value