diff --git a/exir/graph_module.py b/exir/graph_module.py
index 7a032b5290d..e26d22d8145 100644
--- a/exir/graph_module.py
+++ b/exir/graph_module.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # pyre-strict
 
 from types import FunctionType as function
-from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Tuple, Union
 
 import torch
 
@@ -68,3 +68,23 @@ def get_control_flow_submodules(
             control_flow_submodules.append(_get_submodule(graph_module, node, 0))
 
     return control_flow_submodules
+
+
+def bfs_trace_with_node_process(
+    gm: torch.fx.GraphModule, node_op: Callable[[torch.fx.Node], None]
+) -> None:
+    """Traverse the graph module and apply node_op to each node."""
+
+    assert isinstance(gm, torch.fx.GraphModule), f"Expected GraphModule, got {type(gm)}"
+
+    queue = [gm]
+    while queue:
+        current_graph_module = queue.pop(0)
+        for node in current_graph_module.graph.nodes:
+            node_op(node)
+
+        control_flow_submodules = [
+            submodule
+            for _, submodule, _ in get_control_flow_submodules(current_graph_module)
+        ]
+        queue.extend(control_flow_submodules)
diff --git a/exir/passes/debug_handle_generator_pass.py b/exir/passes/debug_handle_generator_pass.py
index 0502c47dbb3..7de8676084b 100644
--- a/exir/passes/debug_handle_generator_pass.py
+++ b/exir/passes/debug_handle_generator_pass.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
 # LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 
-from executorch.exir.graph_module import get_control_flow_submodules
+from executorch.exir.graph_module import bfs_trace_with_node_process
 from executorch.exir.pass_base import ExportPass
 from torch.export import ExportedProgram
 from torch.fx import GraphModule
@@ -17,19 +17,15 @@ def call(self, graph_module: GraphModule) -> PassResult:
         to executorch backend, that has a canonical set of quantized operators
         """
 
-        queue = [graph_module]
         index = 1
-        # bfs to traverse all modules including control flow submodules to attached debug handle id
-        while queue:
-            current_graph_module = queue.pop(0)
-            for node in current_graph_module.graph.nodes:
-                node.meta["debug_handle"] = index
-                index += 1
-            control_flow_submodules = [
-                submodule
-                for _, submodule, _ in get_control_flow_submodules(current_graph_module)
-            ]
-            queue.extend(control_flow_submodules)
+
+        def _extract_debug_handles_from_node(node):
+            nonlocal index
+            node.meta["debug_handle"] = index
+            index += 1
+
+        bfs_trace_with_node_process(graph_module, _extract_debug_handles_from_node)
+
         return PassResult(graph_module, True)
 
 
@@ -38,28 +34,18 @@ def generate_missing_debug_handles(ep: ExportedProgram):
     This pass is used to generate missing debug handles for the graph module and its submodules.
     """
 
-    def get_control_flow_submodules_list(graph_module):
-        return [
-            submodule for _, submodule, _ in get_control_flow_submodules(graph_module)
-        ]
-
     max_handle = 0
-    queue = [ep.graph_module]
 
-    while queue:
-        current_graph_module = queue.pop(0)
-        for node in current_graph_module.graph.nodes:
-            if "debug_handle" in node.meta:
-                max_handle = max(max_handle, node.meta["debug_handle"])
-        control_flow_submodules = get_control_flow_submodules_list(current_graph_module)
-        queue.extend(control_flow_submodules)
+    def _extract_max_debug_handle(node):
+        nonlocal max_handle
+        if "debug_handle" in node.meta:
+            max_handle = max(max_handle, node.meta["debug_handle"])
+
+    def _insert_new_debug_handles(node):
+        nonlocal max_handle
+        if node.meta.get("debug_handle", 0) in (0, None):
+            node.meta["debug_handle"] = max_handle + 1
+            max_handle += 1
 
-    queue = [ep.graph_module]
-    while queue:
-        current_graph_module = queue.pop(0)
-        for node in current_graph_module.graph.nodes:
-            if node.meta.get("debug_handle", 0) in (0, None):
-                node.meta["debug_handle"] = max_handle + 1
-                max_handle += 1
-        control_flow_submodules = get_control_flow_submodules_list(current_graph_module)
-        queue.extend(control_flow_submodules)
+    bfs_trace_with_node_process(ep.graph_module, _extract_max_debug_handle)
+    bfs_trace_with_node_process(ep.graph_module, _insert_new_debug_handles)