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aer/matrix_product_state.ipynb

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"\n",
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"We apply the gate to this tensor, and then decompose back to the original structure, using singular value decomposition (SVD). SVD decomposes the tensor into three matrices $U S V^{\\dagger}$, such that $U$ and $V$ are complex unitary matrices, and $S$ is a diagonal matrix of real numbers, where some of the entries on the diagonal may be $0$. The number of non-zero entries on this diagonal is named the `Schmidt coefficient`. Following a normalization step by dividing into $\\lambda^{[i-1]}$ and $\\lambda^{[i+1]}$ respectively, $U$ becomes $\\Gamma^{[i]}$, $V$ becomes $\\Gamma^{[i+1]}$. $S$ becomes the new $\\lambda^{[i]}$.\n",
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"\n",
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"Note that two-qubit operations may increase the size of the respective tensors. The sizes are determined by the Schmidt coefficient. Intuitively, the Schmidt coefficients provide a measurement of the entaglement of the system, and therefore determine the performance of the circuit.\n",
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"Note that two-qubit operations may increase the size of the respective tensors. The sizes are determined by the Schmidt coefficient. Intuitively, the Schmidt coefficients provide a measurement of the entanglement of the system, and therefore determine the performance of the circuit.\n",
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"\n",
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"Gates that involve two qubits that are not consecutive, require a series of swap gates to bring the two qubits next to each other and then the reverse swaps, to bring the qubits back to their original positions. \n",
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"1. The internal data structures don't grow too much, i.e., entanglement is not too high.\n",
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"2. We do not wish to compute the state vector, nor all the amplitudes, because this computation is always exponential in the number of qubits.\n",
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"\n",
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"We demonstrate this in the following graph. We ran these two simulation methods on a set of randomly generated circuits, where the percentage of two-qubit gates is 0.1. The depth of the circuits is kept constant at 120 gates.\n",
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"We demonstrate this in the following graph. We ran these two simulation methods on a set of randomly generated circuits, where the percentage of two-qubit gates is 0.1. The depth of the circuits is kept constant at 120 gates. The final computation of the circuit is the expectation value of random Pauli gates on 5 random qubits.\n",
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"\n",
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"![](graph_of_random_circuits.jpg)"
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