[3.25.0] - @Formula in Hibernate @Entity prevents application startup

[luca-bassoricci]

After upgrade to 3.25.0, starting-up an app with entity properties mapped to @Formula gave me this stack-trace:

2025-07-31 13:46:34,776 ERROR [io.qua.run.Application] (Quarkus Main Thread) Failed to start application: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to start quarkus
	at io.quarkus.runner.ApplicationImpl.doStart(Unknown Source)
	at io.quarkus.runtime.Application.start(Application.java:101)
	at io.quarkus.runtime.ApplicationLifecycleManager.run(ApplicationLifecycleManager.java:119)
	at io.quarkus.runtime.Quarkus.run(Quarkus.java:80)
	at io.quarkus.runtime.Quarkus.run(Quarkus.java:51)
	at io.quarkus.runtime.Quarkus.run(Quarkus.java:144)
	at io.quarkus.runner.GeneratedMain.main(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
	at io.quarkus.runner.bootstrap.StartupActionImpl$1.run(StartupActionImpl.java:134)
	at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1583)
Caused by: jakarta.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: <default>] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.boot.FastBootEntityManagerFactoryBuilder.persistenceException(FastBootEntityManagerFactoryBuilder.java:127)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.boot.FastBootEntityManagerFactoryBuilder.build(FastBootEntityManagerFactoryBuilder.java:94)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.FastBootHibernatePersistenceProvider.createEntityManagerFactory(FastBootHibernatePersistenceProvider.java:74)
	at jakarta.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:90)
	at jakarta.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:66)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.JPAConfig$LazyPersistenceUnit.get(JPAConfig.java:165)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.JPAConfig$1.run(JPAConfig.java:61)
	... 1 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.AssertionFailure: value involves formulas
	at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.getColumns(SimpleValue.java:268)
	at org.hibernate.mapping.Property.getColumns(Property.java:106)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.customized.BuiltinFormatMapperBehaviour.hasXxxProperties(BuiltinFormatMapperBehaviour.java:79)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.customized.BuiltinFormatMapperBehaviour.hasJsonProperties(BuiltinFormatMapperBehaviour.java:69)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.customized.BuiltinFormatMapperBehaviour.jsonApply(BuiltinFormatMapperBehaviour.java:96)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.boot.FastBootEntityManagerFactoryBuilder.populate(FastBootEntityManagerFactoryBuilder.java:219)
	at io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.runtime.boot.FastBootEntityManagerFactoryBuilder.build(FastBootEntityManagerFactoryBuilder.java:90)
	... 6 more

I haven't found anything in Quarkus or Hibernate migration guides; am I missing something?
This is a simple reproducer (https://github.com/luca-bassoricci/code-with-quarkus) - just run it

Luca

[quarkus-bot[bot]]

/cc @gsmet (hibernate-orm)

[kronst]

Faced the same issue after upgrading to new version of Quarkus.
Exception raises because of BuiltinFormatMapperBehaviour enum which calls property.getColumns() as we can see in the stack trace.

Throws: AssertionFailure – if the mapping involves formulas

[gsmet]

@luca-bassoricci @kronst thanks to both of you, I created #49258 from this discussion.