Rewrite as_inlines, as_blocks with focus on performance

This also fixes unwanted behavior of `as_blocks`, which would treat a
list of Inline elements as a list of singleton Plain elements, leading
to bad results.

Author: tarleb

src/resources/pandoc/datadir/_utils.lua

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 -- _utils.lua
 -- Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Posit Software, PBC
 
+--- The pandoc module. Imported to avoid 'no such variable'
+--- warnings in some editors.
+local pandoc = require 'pandoc'
+
 -- improved formatting for dumping tables and quarto's emulated pandoc nodes
 function tdump (tbl, raw)
 
@@ -265,59 +269,75 @@ local function get_type(v)
   return pandoc_type
 end
 
-local function as_inlines(v)
-  if v == nil then
-    return pandoc.Inlines({})
-  end
-  local t = pandoc.utils.type(v)
-  if t == "Inlines" then
-    ---@cast v pandoc.Inlines
-    return v
-  elseif t == "Blocks" then
-    return pandoc.utils.blocks_to_inlines(v)
-  elseif t == "Inline" then
-    return pandoc.Inlines({v})
-  elseif t == "Block" then
-    return pandoc.utils.blocks_to_inlines({v})
-  end
+--- Blocks metatable
+local BlocksMT = getmetatable(pandoc.Blocks{})
+--- Inlines metatable
+local InlinesMT = getmetatable(pandoc.Inlines{})
 
-  if type(v) == "table" then
-    local result = pandoc.Inlines({})
-    for i, v in ipairs(v) do
-      tappend(result, as_inlines(v))
+--- Turns the given object into a `Inlines` list.
+--
+-- Works mostly like `pandoc.Inlines`, but doesn't a do a full
+-- unmarshal/marshal roundtrip. This buys performance, at the cost of
+-- less thorough type checks.
+--
+-- NOTE: The input object might be modified *destructively*!
+local function as_inlines(obj)
+  local pt = pandoc.utils.type(obj)
+  if pt == 'Inlines' then
+    return obj
+  elseif pt == "Inline" then
+    -- Faster than calling pandoc.Inlines
+    return setmetatable({obj}, InlinesMT)
+  elseif pt == 'List' or pt == 'table' then
+    if obj[1] and pandoc.utils.type(obj[1]) == 'Block' then
+      return pandoc.utils.blocks_to_inlines(obj)
     end
-    return result
+    -- Faster than calling pandoc.Inlines
+    return setmetatable(obj, InlinesMT)
+  elseif pt == "Block" then
+    return pandoc.utils.blocks_to_inlines({obj})
+  elseif pt == "Blocks" then
+    return pandoc.utils.blocks_to_inlines(obj)
+  else
+    return pandoc.Inlines(obj or {})
   end
-
-  -- luacov: disable
-  fatal("as_inlines: invalid type " .. t)
-  return pandoc.Inlines({})
-  -- luacov: enable
 end
 
-local function as_blocks(v)
-  if v == nil then
-    return pandoc.Blocks({})
-  end
-  local t = pandoc.utils.type(v)
-  if t == "Blocks" then
-    return v
-  elseif t == "Inlines" then
-    return pandoc.Blocks({pandoc.Plain(v)})
-  elseif t == "Block" then
-    return pandoc.Blocks({v})
-  elseif t == "Inline" then
-    return pandoc.Blocks({pandoc.Plain(v)})
-  end
-
-  if type(v) == "table" then
-    return pandoc.Blocks(v)
+--- Turns the given object into a `Blocks` list.
+--
+-- Works mostly like `pandoc.Blocks`, but doesn't a do a full
+-- unmarshal/marshal roundtrip. This buys performance, at the cost of
+-- less thorough type checks.
+--
+-- NOTE: The input object might be modified *destructively*!
+--
+-- This might need some benchmarking.
+local function as_blocks(obj)
+  local pt = pandoc.utils.type(obj)
+  if pt == 'Blocks' then
+    return obj
+  elseif pt == 'Block' then
+    -- Assigning a metatable directly is faster than calling
+    -- `pandoc.Blocks`.
+    return setmetatable({obj}, BlocksMT)
+  elseif pt == 'Inline' then
+    return setmetatable({pandoc.Plain{obj}}, BlocksMT)
+  elseif pt == 'Inlines' then
+    if next(obj) then
+      return setmetatable({pandoc.Plain(obj)}, BlocksMT)
+    end
+    return setmetatable({}, BlocksMT)
+  elseif pt == 'List' or (pt == 'table' and obj[1]) then
+    if pandoc.utils.type(obj[1]) == 'Inline' then
+      obj = {pandoc.Plain(obj)}
+    end
+    return setmetatable(obj, BlocksMT)
+  elseif (pt == 'table' and obj.long) or pt == 'Caption' then
+    -- Looks like a Caption
+    return as_blocks(obj.long)
+  else
+    return pandoc.Blocks(obj or {})
   end
-
-  -- luacov: disable
-  fatal("as_blocks: invalid type " .. t)
-  return pandoc.Blocks({})
-  -- luacov: enable
 end
 
 local function match_fun(reset, ...)