BUG: sanity check __array_interface__ number of dimensions (numpy#28407)

``__array_interface__`` should typically not have more dimensions than NumPy supports, but unlike other malformed interfaces, this should fail gracefully if someone were to pass more.

Author: lvllvl

numpy/_core/src/multiarray/ctors.c

@@ -2138,7 +2138,7 @@ PyArray_FromInterface(PyObject *origin)
     PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
     char *data = NULL;
     Py_buffer view;
-    int i, n;
+    Py_ssize_t i, n;
     npy_intp dims[NPY_MAXDIMS], strides[NPY_MAXDIMS];
     int dataflags = NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED;
 
@@ -2254,6 +2254,12 @@ PyArray_FromInterface(PyObject *origin)
     /* Get dimensions from shape tuple */
     else {
         n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(attr);
+        if (n > NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                         "number of dimensions must be within [0, %d], got %d",
+                         NPY_MAXDIMS, n);
+            goto fail;
+        }
         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
             PyObject *tmp = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(attr, i);
             dims[i] = PyArray_PyIntAsIntp(tmp);

numpy/_core/tests/test_multiarray.py

@@ -10420,3 +10420,24 @@ def test_to_device(self):
             r"The stream argument in to_device\(\) is not supported"
         ):
             arr.to_device("cpu", stream=1)
+
+def test_array_interface_excess_dimensions_raises():
+    """Regression test for gh-27949: ensure too many dims raises ValueError instead of segfault."""
+    
+    # Dummy object to hold a custom __array_interface__
+    class DummyArray:
+        def __init__(self, interface):
+            # Attach the array interface dict to mimic an array
+            self.__array_interface__ = interface
+
+    # Create a base array (scalar) and copy its interface
+    base = np.array(42)  # base can be any scalar or array
+    interface = dict(base.__array_interface__)
+
+    # Modify the shape to exceed NumPy's dimension limit (NPY_MAXDIMS, typically 64)
+    interface['shape'] = tuple([1] * 136)  # match the original bug report 
+
+    dummy = DummyArray(interface)
+    # Now, using np.asanyarray on this dummy should trigger a ValueError (not segfault)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="dimensions must be within"):
+        np.asanyarray(dummy)