diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index b7029b251..84ba1a51f 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -69,4 +69,4 @@ Config/testthat/edition: 3
 Encoding: UTF-8
 Language: en-US
 Roxygen: list(markdown = TRUE)
-RoxygenNote: 7.2.3
+RoxygenNote: 7.3.2
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index c67e0bc1c..8d9a6cae8 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # devtools (development version)
 
+* On macOS, `install()` now generates `dSYM` sidecar files for native libraries by default.
+
 * Functions that use httr now explicitly check that it is installed
   (@catalamarti, #2573).
 
diff --git a/R/install.R b/R/install.R
index c9346475f..df1a22e3a 100644
--- a/R/install.R
+++ b/R/install.R
@@ -36,6 +36,23 @@
 #' @param keep_source If `TRUE` will keep the srcrefs from an installed
 #'   package. This is useful for debugging (especially inside of RStudio).
 #'   It defaults to the option `"keep.source.pkgs"`.
+#' @param generate_dsym (macOS only) If `TRUE`, and if the package includes a
+#'   native library (a `.so` file), a `dSYM` sidecar file is generated and
+#'   installed alongside the library. This file contains source and line
+#'   information that allows a debugger to step through original sources.
+#'
+#'   Note that since `install()` operates from a temporary directory, the source
+#'   paths will point to dangling locations. You will need to remap these paths
+#'   to the actual sources on your disk, e.g. with lldb:
+#'
+#'   ```
+#'   # Get information about the dangling temporary path for a function in your
+#'   # library
+#'   image lookup -vn my_function
+#'
+#'   # Remap the dangling location to the actual package path
+#'   settings set target.source-map /private/tmp/Rtmpnl5XgE/R.INSTALLe5133dcc3211/mypackage /path/to/mypackage
+#'   ```
 #' @param ... additional arguments passed to [remotes::install_deps()]
 #'   when installing dependencies.
 #' @family package installation
@@ -50,6 +67,7 @@ install <-
              build_vignettes = FALSE,
              keep_source = getOption("keep.source.pkgs"),
              force = FALSE,
+             generate_dsym = TRUE,
              ...) {
     pkg <- as.package(pkg)
 
@@ -70,6 +88,7 @@ install <-
 
     opts <- c(
       if (keep_source) "--with-keep.source",
+      if (is_macos && generate_dsym) "--dsym",
       "--install-tests"
     )
     if (quick) {
diff --git a/R/utils.R b/R/utils.R
index 48629a0e6..d9f01e914 100644
--- a/R/utils.R
+++ b/R/utils.R
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ compact <- function(x) {
 }
 
 is_windows <- isTRUE(.Platform$OS.type == "windows")
+is_macos <- isTRUE(tolower(Sys.info()[["sysname"]]) == "darwin")
 
 sort_ci <- function(x) {
   withr::with_collate("C", x[order(tolower(x), x)])
diff --git a/man/install.Rd b/man/install.Rd
index 0009f2407..f1cfe908c 100644
--- a/man/install.Rd
+++ b/man/install.Rd
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ install(
   build_vignettes = FALSE,
   keep_source = getOption("keep.source.pkgs"),
   force = FALSE,
+  generate_dsym = TRUE,
   ...
 )
 }
@@ -78,6 +79,23 @@ It defaults to the option \code{"keep.source.pkgs"}.}
 \item{force}{Force installation, even if the remote state has not changed
 since the previous install.}
 
+\item{generate_dsym}{(macOS only) If \code{TRUE}, and if the package includes a
+native library (a \code{.so} file), a \code{dSYM} sidecar file is generated and
+installed alongside the library. This file contains source and line
+information that allows a debugger to step through original sources.
+
+Note that since \code{install()} operates from a temporary directory, the source
+paths will point to dangling locations. You will need to remap these paths
+to the actual sources on your disk, e.g. with lldb:
+
+\if{html}{\out{<div class="sourceCode">}}\preformatted{# Get information about the dangling temporary path for a function in your
+# library
+image lookup -vn my_function
+
+# Remap the dangling location to the actual package path
+settings set target.source-map /private/tmp/Rtmpnl5XgE/R.INSTALLe5133dcc3211/mypackage /path/to/mypackage
+}\if{html}{\out{</div>}}}
+
 \item{...}{additional arguments passed to \code{\link[remotes:install_deps]{remotes::install_deps()}}
 when installing dependencies.}
 }