diff --git a/NAMESPACE b/NAMESPACE
index 8d29d8f7f..a2bdc1c6d 100644
--- a/NAMESPACE
+++ b/NAMESPACE
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ export(expect_s3_class)
 export(expect_s4_class)
 export(expect_s7_class)
 export(expect_setequal)
+export(expect_shape)
 export(expect_silent)
 export(expect_snapshot)
 export(expect_snapshot_error)
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 3fa3f7e5d..e89748e3a 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 * Fixed an issue preventing compilation from succeeding due to deprecation / removal of `std::uncaught_exception()` (@kevinushey, #2047).
 * New `skip_unless_r()` to skip running tests on unsuitable versions of R, e.g. `skip_unless_r(">= 4.1.0")` to skip tests that require, say, `...names` (@MichaelChirico, #2022)
 * `skip_on_os()` gains an option `"emscripten"` of the `os` argument to skip tests on Emscripten (@eitsupi, #2103).
+* New expectation, `expect_shape()`, for testing the shape (i.e., the `length()`, `nrow()`, `ncol()`, or `dim()`), all in one place (#1423, @michaelchirico).
 
 # testthat 3.2.3
 
diff --git a/R/expect-length.R b/R/expect-length.R
index 0b8d09285..1b21c791f 100644
--- a/R/expect-length.R
+++ b/R/expect-length.R
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #' Does code return a vector with the specified length?
 #'
-#' @seealso [expect_vector()] to make assertions about the "size" of a vector
+#' @seealso [expect_vector()] to make assertions about the "size" of a vector,
+#'   [expect_shape()] for more general assertions about object "shape".
 #' @inheritParams expect_that
 #' @param n Expected length.
 #' @family expectations
@@ -16,11 +17,16 @@ expect_length <- function(object, n) {
   stopifnot(is.numeric(n), length(n) == 1)
 
   act <- quasi_label(enquo(object), arg = "object")
+  expect_length_impl_(act, n)
+}
+
+expect_length_impl_ <- function(act, n) {
   act$n <- length(act$val)
 
   expect(
     act$n == n,
-    sprintf("%s has length %i, not length %i.", act$lab, act$n, n)
+    sprintf("%s has length %i, not length %i.", act$lab, act$n, n),
+    trace_env = parent.frame()
   )
 
   invisible(act$val)
diff --git a/R/expect-shape.R b/R/expect-shape.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..741bd086a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/R/expect-shape.R
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#' Does code return an object with the specified shape?
+#'
+#' This is a generalization of [expect_length()] to test the "shape" of
+#' more general objects like data.frames, matrices, and arrays.
+#'
+#' @seealso [expect_length()] to specifically make assertions about the
+#'   [length()] of a vector.
+#' @inheritParams expect_that
+#' @param ... Ignored.
+#' @param length Expected [length()] of `object`.
+#' @param nrow,nrow Expected [nrow()]/[ncol()] of `object`.
+#' @param dim Expected [dim()] of `object`.
+#' @family expectations
+#' @export
+#' @examples
+#' x <- matrix(1:9, nrow = 3)
+#' expect_shape(x, length = 9)
+#' expect_shape(x, nrow = 3)
+#' expect_shape(x, ncol = 3)
+#' expect_shape(x, dim = c(3, 3))
+expect_shape = function(object, ..., length, nrow, ncol, dim) {
+  check_dots_empty()
+  check_exclusive(length, nrow, ncol, dim)
+  act <- quasi_label(enquo(object), arg = "object")
+
+  # Re-use expect_length() to ensure they stay in sync.
+  if (!missing(length)) {
+    return(expect_length_impl_(act, length))
+  }
+  # now that we've handled the length argument, revert to usual base function
+  length <- base::length
+
+  dim_object <- base::dim(object)
+  if (is.null(dim_object)) {
+    fail(sprintf("%s has no dimensions.", act$lab))
+  }
+
+  if (!missing(nrow)) {
+    check_number_whole(nrow, allow_na = TRUE)
+    act$nrow <- dim_object[1L]
+
+    expect(
+      identical(as.integer(act$nrow), as.integer(nrow)),
+      sprintf("%s has %i rows, not %i.", act$lab, act$nrow, nrow)
+    )
+  } else if (!missing(ncol)) {
+    check_number_whole(ncol, allow_na = TRUE)
+
+    if (length(dim_object) == 1L) {
+      fail(sprintf("%s has only one dimension.", act$lab))
+    }
+  
+    act$ncol <- dim_object[2L]
+
+    expect(
+      identical(as.integer(act$ncol), as.integer(ncol)),
+      sprintf("%s has %i columns, not %i.", act$lab, act$ncol, ncol)
+    )
+  } else { # !missing(dim)
+    if (!is.numeric(dim) && !is.integer(dim)) {
+      stop_input_type(dim, "a numeric vector")
+    }
+    act$dim <- dim_object
+
+    if (length(act$dim) != length(dim)) {
+      fail(sprintf("%s has %i dimensions, not %i.", act$lab, length(act$dim), length(dim)))
+    }
+
+    expect(
+      identical(as.integer(act$dim), as.integer(dim)),
+      sprintf("%s has dim (%s), not (%s).", act$lab, toString(act$dim), toString(dim))
+    )
+  }
+
+  invisible(act$val)
+}
diff --git a/_pkgdown.yml b/_pkgdown.yml
index 418d8c7e9..1eac1b26d 100644
--- a/_pkgdown.yml
+++ b/_pkgdown.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ reference:
 - subtitle: Vectors
   contents:
   - expect_length
+  - expect_shape
   - expect_gt
   - expect_match
   - expect_named
diff --git a/man/comparison-expectations.Rd b/man/comparison-expectations.Rd
index 5cbee6931..3a804319a 100644
--- a/man/comparison-expectations.Rd
+++ b/man/comparison-expectations.Rd
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/equality-expectations.Rd b/man/equality-expectations.Rd
index e22afd695..25e6d344f 100644
--- a/man/equality-expectations.Rd
+++ b/man/equality-expectations.Rd
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/expect_error.Rd b/man/expect_error.Rd
index 50851564b..65a1f51b2 100644
--- a/man/expect_error.Rd
+++ b/man/expect_error.Rd
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/expect_length.Rd b/man/expect_length.Rd
index 4e65e8069..8168a72f1 100644
--- a/man/expect_length.Rd
+++ b/man/expect_length.Rd
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ expect_length(1:10, 1)
 }
 }
 \seealso{
-\code{\link[=expect_vector]{expect_vector()}} to make assertions about the "size" of a vector
+\code{\link[=expect_vector]{expect_vector()}} to make assertions about the "size" of a vector,
+\code{\link[=expect_shape]{expect_shape()}} for more general assertions about object "shape".
 
 Other expectations: 
 \code{\link{comparison-expectations}},
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/expect_match.Rd b/man/expect_match.Rd
index ab0dbdae1..496ad0b32 100644
--- a/man/expect_match.Rd
+++ b/man/expect_match.Rd
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/expect_named.Rd b/man/expect_named.Rd
index bfa9ad9fc..f5e879af0 100644
--- a/man/expect_named.Rd
+++ b/man/expect_named.Rd
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/expect_null.Rd b/man/expect_null.Rd
index e3b953cce..0dc684f4e 100644
--- a/man/expect_null.Rd
+++ b/man/expect_null.Rd
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_named}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/expect_output.Rd b/man/expect_output.Rd
index c7d789f6e..8dd8441d1 100644
--- a/man/expect_output.Rd
+++ b/man/expect_output.Rd
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_named}()},
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/expect_reference.Rd b/man/expect_reference.Rd
index e5a4b120e..1963c0177 100644
--- a/man/expect_reference.Rd
+++ b/man/expect_reference.Rd
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_named}()},
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
diff --git a/man/expect_shape.Rd b/man/expect_shape.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..064750fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/expect_shape.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/expect-shape.R
+\name{expect_shape}
+\alias{expect_shape}
+\title{Does code return an object with the specified shape?}
+\usage{
+expect_shape(object, ..., length, nrow, ncol, dim)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{Object to test.
+
+Supports limited unquoting to make it easier to generate readable failures
+within a function or for loop. See \link{quasi_label} for more details.}
+
+\item{...}{Ignored.}
+
+\item{length}{Expected \code{\link[=length]{length()}} of \code{object}.}
+
+\item{nrow}{Expected \code{\link[=nrow]{nrow()}} of \code{object}.}
+
+\item{ncol}{Expected \code{\link[=ncol]{ncol()}} of \code{object}.}
+
+\item{dim}{Expected \code{\link[=dim]{dim()}} of \code{object}.}
+}
+\description{
+This is a generalization of \code{\link[=expect_length]{expect_length()}} to test the "shape" of
+more general objects like data.frames, matrices, and arrays.
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{\link[=expect_length]{expect_length()}} to specifically make assertions about the
+\code{\link[=length]{length()}} of a vector.
+
+Other expectations: 
+\code{\link{comparison-expectations}},
+\code{\link{equality-expectations}},
+\code{\link{expect_error}()},
+\code{\link{expect_length}()},
+\code{\link{expect_match}()},
+\code{\link{expect_named}()},
+\code{\link{expect_null}()},
+\code{\link{expect_output}()},
+\code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_silent}()},
+\code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
+\code{\link{logical-expectations}}
+}
+\concept{expectations}
diff --git a/man/expect_silent.Rd b/man/expect_silent.Rd
index 69688a2ec..bb92152df 100644
--- a/man/expect_silent.Rd
+++ b/man/expect_silent.Rd
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
 }
diff --git a/man/inheritance-expectations.Rd b/man/inheritance-expectations.Rd
index e43b0b89e..5305f21fc 100644
--- a/man/inheritance-expectations.Rd
+++ b/man/inheritance-expectations.Rd
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{logical-expectations}}
 }
diff --git a/man/logical-expectations.Rd b/man/logical-expectations.Rd
index 7d436b5ec..5dbc779e4 100644
--- a/man/logical-expectations.Rd
+++ b/man/logical-expectations.Rd
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ Other expectations:
 \code{\link{expect_null}()},
 \code{\link{expect_output}()},
 \code{\link{expect_reference}()},
+\code{\link{expect_shape}()},
 \code{\link{expect_silent}()},
 \code{\link{inheritance-expectations}}
 }
diff --git a/tests/testthat/_snaps/expect-shape.md b/tests/testthat/_snaps/expect-shape.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edd3354a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/testthat/_snaps/expect-shape.md
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# length compared correctly
+
+    1 has length 1, not length 2.
+
+# dim compared correctly
+
+    matrix(nrow = 6, ncol = 3) has dim (6, 3), not (6, 2).
+
+---
+
+    matrix(nrow = 6, ncol = 3) has dim (6, 3), not (7, 3).
+
+---
+
+    array(dim = 1:3) has 3 dimensions, not 2.
+
+---
+
+    array(dim = 1:3) has 3 dimensions, not 4.
+
+# nrow compared correctly
+
+    matrix(nrow = 5, ncol = 5) has 5 rows, not 6.
+
+---
+
+    1 has no dimensions.
+
+# ncol compared correctly
+
+    matrix(nrow = 5, ncol = 5) has 5 columns, not 7.
+
+---
+
+    array(1) has only one dimension.
+
+---
+
+    array(integer()) has only one dimension.
+
+# NA handling (e.g. dbplyr)
+
+    `x` has NA rows, not 10.
+
+---
+
+    `x` has 10 columns, not NA.
+
+---
+
+    `x` has dim (NA, 10), not (10, NA).
+
+# checks inputs arguments, 
+
+    Code
+      expect_shape(1:10)
+    Condition
+      Error in `expect_shape()`:
+      ! One of `length`, `nrow`, `ncol`, or `dim` must be supplied.
+    Code
+      expect_shape(1:10, nrow = 1L, ncol = 2L)
+    Condition
+      Error in `expect_shape()`:
+      ! Exactly one of `length`, `nrow`, `ncol`, or `dim` must be supplied.
+      x `nrow` and `ncol` were supplied together.
+    Code
+      expect_shape(1:10, 2)
+    Condition
+      Error in `expect_shape()`:
+      ! `...` must be empty.
+      x Problematic argument:
+      * ..1 = 2
+      i Did you forget to name an argument?
+    Code
+      expect_shape(array(1), nrow = "x")
+    Condition
+      Error in `expect_shape()`:
+      ! `nrow` must be a whole number or `NA`, not the string "x".
+    Code
+      expect_shape(array(1), ncol = "x")
+    Condition
+      Error in `expect_shape()`:
+      ! `ncol` must be a whole number or `NA`, not the string "x".
+    Code
+      expect_shape(array(1), dim = "x")
+    Condition
+      Error in `expect_shape()`:
+      ! `dim` must be a numeric vector, not the string "x".
+
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-expect-shape.R b/tests/testthat/test-expect-shape.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6635bcd52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-expect-shape.R
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+test_that("length compared correctly", {
+  expect_success(expect_shape(1, length = 1))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(1, length = 2))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(1:10, length = 10))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(letters[1:5], length = 5))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(integer(), length = 0))
+
+  x <- list(1:10, letters)
+  out <- expect_shape(x, length = 2)
+  expect_identical(out, x)
+})
+
+test_that("dim compared correctly", {
+  expect_success(expect_shape(matrix(nrow = 5, ncol = 4), dim = c(5L, 4L)))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(
+    matrix(nrow = 6, ncol = 3),
+    dim = c(6L, 2L)
+  ))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(
+    matrix(nrow = 6, ncol = 3),
+    dim = c(7L, 3L)
+  ))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(data.frame(1:10, 11:20), dim = c(10, 2)))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(array(dim = 1:3), dim = 1:3))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(array(dim = 1:3), dim = 1:2))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(array(dim = 1:3), dim = 1:4))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(array(integer()), dim = 0L))
+  dd <- c(0L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+  expect_success(expect_shape(array(dim = dd), dim = dd))
+
+  x <- cbind(1:2, 3:4)
+  out <- expect_shape(x, dim = c(2L, 2L))
+  expect_identical(out, x)
+})
+
+test_that("nrow compared correctly", {
+  expect_success(expect_shape(matrix(nrow = 5, ncol = 4), nrow = 5L))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(matrix(nrow = 5, ncol = 5), nrow = 6L))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(data.frame(1:10, 11:20), nrow = 10L))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(1, nrow = 1))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(array(integer()), nrow = 0L))
+  dd <- c(0L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+  expect_success(expect_shape(array(dim = dd), nrow = 0L))
+
+  x <- cbind(1:2, 3:4)
+  out <- expect_shape(x, dim = c(2L, 2L))
+  expect_identical(out, x)
+})
+
+test_that("ncol compared correctly", {
+  expect_success(expect_shape(matrix(nrow = 5, ncol = 4), ncol = 4L))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(matrix(nrow = 5, ncol = 5), ncol = 7L))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(data.frame(1:10, 11:20), ncol = 2L))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(array(1), ncol = 1))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(array(integer()), ncol = 0L))
+  dd <- c(0L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+  expect_success(expect_shape(array(dim = dd), ncol = 0L))
+
+  x <- cbind(1:2, 3:4)
+  out <- expect_shape(x, dim = c(2L, 2L))
+  expect_identical(out, x)
+})
+
+test_that("uses S3 dim method", {
+  local_bindings(
+    dim.testthat_expect_shape = function(x) 1:2,
+    .env = globalenv()
+  )
+  x <- structure(integer(), class = "testthat_expect_shape")
+  expect_success(expect_shape(x, dim = 1:2))
+})
+
+test_that("NA handling (e.g. dbplyr)", {
+  local_bindings(
+    dim.testthat_expect_shape_missing = function(x) c(NA_integer_, 10L),
+    .env = globalenv()
+  )
+  x <- structure(integer(), class = "testthat_expect_shape_missing")
+
+  expect_success(expect_shape(x, nrow = NA_integer_))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(x, ncol = 10L))
+  expect_success(expect_shape(x, dim = c(NA_integer_, 10L)))
+
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(x, nrow = 10L))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(x, ncol = NA_integer_))
+  expect_snapshot_failure(expect_shape(x, dim = c(10L, NA_integer_)))
+})
+
+test_that("uses S4 dim method", {
+  A <- setClass("ExpectShapeA", slots = c(x = "numeric", y = "numeric"))
+  setMethod("dim", "ExpectShapeA", function(x) 8:10)
+  expect_success(expect_shape(A(x = 1:9, y = 3), dim = 8:10))
+})
+
+test_that("checks inputs arguments, ", {
+  expect_snapshot(error = TRUE, {
+    expect_shape(1:10)
+    expect_shape(1:10, nrow = 1L, ncol = 2L)
+    expect_shape(1:10, 2)
+    expect_shape(array(1), nrow = "x")
+    expect_shape(array(1), ncol = "x")
+    expect_shape(array(1), dim = "x")
+  })
+})