diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index 6c73d86c2..adafd649d 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ Suggests:
     curl (>= 0.9.5),
     diffviewer (>= 0.1.0),
     knitr,
+    otel (>= 0.0.0.9000),
+    otelsdk (>= 0.0.0.9000),
     rmarkdown,
     rstudioapi,
     S7,
@@ -57,3 +59,6 @@ Config/testthat/start-first: watcher, parallel*
 Encoding: UTF-8
 Roxygen: list(markdown = TRUE, r6 = FALSE)
 RoxygenNote: 7.3.2.9000
+Remotes:  
+    r-lib/otel,
+    r-lib/otelsdk
diff --git a/NAMESPACE b/NAMESPACE
index 634b60815..67296d30a 100644
--- a/NAMESPACE
+++ b/NAMESPACE
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ export(ListReporter)
 export(LocationReporter)
 export(MinimalReporter)
 export(MultiReporter)
+export(OpenTelemetryReporter)
 export(ParallelProgressReporter)
 export(ProgressReporter)
 export(RStudioReporter)
diff --git a/R/reporter-otel.R b/R/reporter-otel.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..263e432de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/R/reporter-otel.R
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#' OpenTelemetry reporter: traces for test results
+#'
+#' A variant of the Check reporter that also emits OpenTelemetry traces for
+#' tests. Span attributes are drawn from [the semantic conventions for
+#' tests](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/registry/attributes/test/).
+#'
+#' @export
+#' @family reporters
+OpenTelemetryReporter <- R6::R6Class(
+  "OpenTelemetryReporter",
+  inherit = CheckReporter,
+  public = list(
+    tracer = NULL,
+    sessions = NULL,
+    suite_spans = NULL,
+    test_spans = NULL,
+    current_file = NULL,
+
+    #' @param pkg A path to an R package, by default the one in the current
+    #'   directory.
+    #' @param tracer An \pkg{otel} tracer, or `NULL` to use the default tracer.
+    initialize = function(pkg = ".", tracer = NULL, ..., call = caller_env()) {
+      check_installed("otel", "for emitting Open Telemetry traces", call = call)
+      set_pkg_resource_attributes(pkg)
+      self$tracer <- tracer %||% otel::get_tracer("testthat")
+      self$sessions <- new_environment()
+      self$suite_spans <- new_environment()
+      self$test_spans <- new_environment()
+      super$initialize(...)
+    },
+
+    start_file = function(file) {
+      # Track the current file so we can set it as an attribute on spans.
+      self$current_file <- file.path("tests/testthat", file)
+      context_start_file(file)
+    },
+
+    end_file = function(file) {
+      self$current_file <- NULL
+    },
+
+    start_context = function(context) {
+      # In order to handle concurrency issues with parallel tests, we maintain
+      # an otel session for each context and switch in and out of it as needed.
+      session <- self$tracer$start_session()
+      env_poke(self$sessions, context, session)
+      on.exit(self$tracer$deactivate_session())
+
+      span <- self$tracer$start_span(
+        name = "test_suite",
+        attributes = compact(list(
+          "test.suite.name" = context,
+          "code.filepath" = self$current_file
+        )),
+        scope = NULL
+      )
+      env_poke(self$suite_spans, context, span)
+    },
+
+    end_context = function(context) {
+      span <- env_get(self$suite_spans, context)
+      span$end()
+      env_unbind(self$suite_spans, context)
+
+      # Clean up the session.
+      session <- env_get(self$sessions, context)
+      self$tracer$finish_session(session)
+      env_unbind(self$sessions, context)
+    },
+
+    start_test = function(context, test) {
+      if (is.null(context)) {
+        # It seems like this can happen when running tests with a filter.
+        context <- names(self$sessions)[1]
+      }
+
+      # Ensure we start test spans (and any spans started by functions within
+      # that test) in the context's session.
+      session <- env_get(self$sessions, context)
+      self$tracer$activate_session(session)
+
+      key <- paste(context, test, sep = "|")
+      parent <- env_get(self$suite_spans, context)
+      span <- self$tracer$start_span(
+        name = "test_case",
+        attributes = list("test.case.name" = test),
+        options = list(parent = parent),
+        scope = NULL
+      )
+      env_poke(self$test_spans, key, span)
+    },
+
+    end_test = function(context, test) {
+      # Deactivate the context's session before starting the next test (which
+      # might have a different one).
+      on.exit(self$tracer$deactivate_session())
+
+      context <- context %||% names(self$sessions)[1]
+      key <- paste(context, test, sep = "|")
+      span <- env_get(self$test_spans, key)
+      if (span$is_recording() && !span$status_set) {
+        # If the span's status hasn't been set, we assume the test passed.
+        span$set_status("ok")
+        span$set_attribute("test.case.result.status", "pass")
+      }
+      span$end()
+      env_unbind(self$test_spans, key)
+    },
+
+    add_result = function(context, test, result) {
+      if (expectation_broken(result) || expectation_skip(result)) {
+        context <- context %||% names(self$sessions)[1]
+        key <- paste(context, test, sep = "|")
+        span <- env_get(self$test_spans, key)
+        if (!span$is_recording()) {
+          return(super$add_result(context, test, result))
+        }
+
+        # Extract source references, if possible.
+        filename <- NULL
+        line <- NULL
+        column <- NULL
+        if (inherits(result$srcref, "srcref")) {
+          filename <- attr(result$srcref, "srcfile")$filename
+          line <- result$srcref[1]
+          column <- result$srcref[2]
+        }
+        attributes <- compact(list(
+          "code.filepath" = file.path("tests/testthat", filename),
+          "code.lineno" = line,
+          "code.column" = column
+        ))
+
+        if (expectation_broken(result)) {
+          # Record error or failure expectations as exceptions on the test span.
+          span$record_exception(result, attributes = attributes)
+          # Mark the span as having errored. This is also what
+          # pytest-opentelemetry does.
+          span$set_status("error")
+          span$set_attribute("test.case.result.status", "fail")
+        } else if (expectation_skip(result)) {
+          # Record a special "skipped" event for skip expectations.
+          span$add_event("test_skipped", attributes = attributes)
+          span$set_status("unset")
+          span$set_attribute("test.case.result.status", "skipped")
+        }
+      }
+      super$add_result(context, test, result)
+    }
+  )
+)
+
+set_pkg_resource_attributes <- function(pkg = ".") {
+  attributes <- get_pkg_resource_attributes(pkg)
+  if (is.null(attributes)) {
+    return()
+  }
+  set_resource_attributes(.attributes = attributes)
+}
+
+get_pkg_resource_attributes <- function(pkg = ".") {
+  # Try to detect when we are testing a package.
+  if (!env_var_is_true("NOT_CRAN")) {
+    return(NULL)
+  }
+  # Use what we know about the package to set some resource attributes.
+  desc <- pkgload::pkg_desc(pkg)
+  attributes <- list(
+    "service.name" = desc$get_field("Package"),
+    "service.version" = desc$get_version(),
+    "vcs.repository.url.full" = get_repo_url(),
+    "vcs.repository.ref.revision" = get_git_revision()
+  )
+  # Existing environment variables take precedence.
+  from_env <- get_resource_attributes()
+  utils::modifyList(attributes, from_env)
+}
+
+get_repo_url <- function(pkg = ".") {
+  # Default to using the Github Actions context, if available.
+  if (nchar(repo <- Sys.getenv("GITHUB_REPOSITORY")) != 0) {
+    return(paste0(Sys.getenv("GITHUB_SERVER_URL"), "/", repo))
+  }
+  # Otherwise check if the package has a GitHub URL in its DESCRIPTION file.
+  desc <- pkgload::pkg_desc(pkg)
+  github_urls <- startsWith(desc$get_urls(), "https://github.com")
+  if (any(github_urls)) {
+    return(desc$get_urls()[github_urls][1])
+  }
+  NULL
+}
+
+get_git_revision <- function() {
+  # Default to using the Github Actions context, if available.
+  if (nchar(revision <- Sys.getenv("GITHUB_SHA")) != 0) {
+    return(revision)
+  }
+  tryCatch(
+    system2(
+      "git",
+      c("rev-parse", "HEAD"),
+      stdout = TRUE,
+      stderr = TRUE
+    )[1],
+    error = function(e) NULL
+  )
+}
+
+get_resource_attributes <- function(
+  env = Sys.getenv("OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES")
+) {
+  if (nchar(env) == 0) {
+    return(list())
+  }
+  # Split the attributes by comma and then by equals sign.
+  attrs <- strsplit(env, ",", fixed = TRUE)[[1]]
+  split <- strsplit(attrs, "=", fixed = TRUE)
+  out <- structure(
+    vector("list", length(split)),
+    .Names = character(length(split))
+  )
+  for (i in seq_along(split)) {
+    x <- split[[i]]
+    if (length(x) != 2) {
+      cli::cli_abort(
+        "Invalid {.env OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES} format: {.str {env}}",
+        .internal = TRUE
+      )
+    }
+    out[[i]] <- x[2]
+    names(out)[i] <- x[1]
+  }
+  out
+}
+
+set_resource_attributes <- function(..., .attributes = list()) {
+  attrs <- utils::modifyList(list(...), .attributes)
+  # Special handling for service.name, which isn't picked up by the SDK unless
+  # it's set in the dedicated environment variable.
+  if (!is.null(attrs["service.name"])) {
+    Sys.setenv(OTEL_SERVICE_NAME = attrs[["service.name"]])
+  }
+  attrs <- vapply(attrs, format, character(1L))
+  formatted <- paste(names(attrs), attrs, sep = "=", collapse = ",")
+  Sys.setenv(OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES = formatted)
+}
diff --git a/man/CheckReporter.Rd b/man/CheckReporter.Rd
index a32c58c3d..b6f07a81f 100644
--- a/man/CheckReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/CheckReporter.Rd
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/DebugReporter.Rd b/man/DebugReporter.Rd
index 2ad10ba08..24756d500 100644
--- a/man/DebugReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/DebugReporter.Rd
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/FailReporter.Rd b/man/FailReporter.Rd
index 1b9d0d2a7..2ea4c7f66 100644
--- a/man/FailReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/FailReporter.Rd
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/JunitReporter.Rd b/man/JunitReporter.Rd
index c822771ac..7bd4c6391 100644
--- a/man/JunitReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/JunitReporter.Rd
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/ListReporter.Rd b/man/ListReporter.Rd
index dbcb62f77..425727ed2 100644
--- a/man/ListReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/ListReporter.Rd
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/LocationReporter.Rd b/man/LocationReporter.Rd
index f0b5d86ca..06d33b894 100644
--- a/man/LocationReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/LocationReporter.Rd
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{ListReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/MinimalReporter.Rd b/man/MinimalReporter.Rd
index 5365d7e46..8ab05d065 100644
--- a/man/MinimalReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/MinimalReporter.Rd
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{ListReporter}},
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/MultiReporter.Rd b/man/MultiReporter.Rd
index bb5d9cb34..7836f74e5 100644
--- a/man/MultiReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/MultiReporter.Rd
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{ListReporter}},
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/OpenTelemetryReporter.Rd b/man/OpenTelemetryReporter.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4197973a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/OpenTelemetryReporter.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/reporter-otel.R
+\name{OpenTelemetryReporter}
+\alias{OpenTelemetryReporter}
+\title{OpenTelemetry reporter: traces for test results}
+\arguments{
+\item{pkg}{A path to an R package, by default the one in the current
+directory.}
+
+\item{tracer}{An \pkg{otel} tracer, or \code{NULL} to use the default tracer.}
+}
+\description{
+A variant of the Check reporter that also emits OpenTelemetry traces for
+tests. Span attributes are drawn from \href{https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/registry/attributes/test/}{the semantic conventions for tests}.
+}
+\seealso{
+Other reporters: 
+\code{\link{CheckReporter}},
+\code{\link{DebugReporter}},
+\code{\link{FailReporter}},
+\code{\link{JunitReporter}},
+\code{\link{ListReporter}},
+\code{\link{LocationReporter}},
+\code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
+\code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
+\code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
+\code{\link{Reporter}},
+\code{\link{SilentReporter}},
+\code{\link{StopReporter}},
+\code{\link{SummaryReporter}},
+\code{\link{TapReporter}},
+\code{\link{TeamcityReporter}}
+}
+\concept{reporters}
diff --git a/man/ProgressReporter.Rd b/man/ProgressReporter.Rd
index be63cf3b4..873cb8f10 100644
--- a/man/ProgressReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/ProgressReporter.Rd
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
 \code{\link{SilentReporter}},
diff --git a/man/RStudioReporter.Rd b/man/RStudioReporter.Rd
index a25c39f9d..8365152fe 100644
--- a/man/RStudioReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/RStudioReporter.Rd
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
 \code{\link{SilentReporter}},
diff --git a/man/Reporter.Rd b/man/Reporter.Rd
index eeb7a0ab2..d002d9c8b 100644
--- a/man/Reporter.Rd
+++ b/man/Reporter.Rd
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{SilentReporter}},
diff --git a/man/SilentReporter.Rd b/man/SilentReporter.Rd
index dde2f9641..56373c99d 100644
--- a/man/SilentReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/SilentReporter.Rd
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/StopReporter.Rd b/man/StopReporter.Rd
index 53d5f41f5..ea9777ddc 100644
--- a/man/StopReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/StopReporter.Rd
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/SummaryReporter.Rd b/man/SummaryReporter.Rd
index 149182127..8e71a0650 100644
--- a/man/SummaryReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/SummaryReporter.Rd
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/TapReporter.Rd b/man/TapReporter.Rd
index 6c8a680e0..f8fc28df7 100644
--- a/man/TapReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/TapReporter.Rd
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/man/TeamcityReporter.Rd b/man/TeamcityReporter.Rd
index f2b2b79de..3dd3b491d 100644
--- a/man/TeamcityReporter.Rd
+++ b/man/TeamcityReporter.Rd
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Other reporters:
 \code{\link{LocationReporter}},
 \code{\link{MinimalReporter}},
 \code{\link{MultiReporter}},
+\code{\link{OpenTelemetryReporter}},
 \code{\link{ProgressReporter}},
 \code{\link{RStudioReporter}},
 \code{\link{Reporter}},
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-reporter-otel.R b/tests/testthat/test-reporter-otel.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f07f3568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-reporter-otel.R
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+test_that("we skip setting attributes for non-package tests", {
+  withr::local_envvar(NOT_CRAN = NA)
+  expect_null(get_pkg_resource_attributes())
+})
+
+test_that("we detect package resources attributes correctly", {
+  withr::local_envvar(
+    NOT_CRAN = "true",
+    OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES = NA,
+    GITHUB_REPOSITORY = NA
+  )
+
+  # Since we're in testthat, we should get attributes for the testthat package.
+  attrs <- get_pkg_resource_attributes(test_path(".."))
+  expect_type(attrs, "list")
+  expect_equal(attrs$service.name, "testthat")
+  expect_match(as.character(attrs$service.version), "^[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+")
+  expect_equal(
+    attrs$vcs.repository.url.full,
+    "https://github.com/r-lib/testthat"
+  )
+})
+
+test_that("package resources attributes respect environment variable overrides", {
+  withr::local_envvar(
+    NOT_CRAN = "true",
+    OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES = "service.name=override,service.version=1.2.3"
+  )
+
+  attrs <- get_pkg_resource_attributes(test_path(".."))
+  expect_equal(attrs$service.name, "override")
+  expect_equal(attrs$service.version, "1.2.3")
+  # Other attributes should still be present
+  expect_equal(
+    attrs$vcs.repository.url.full,
+    "https://github.com/r-lib/testthat"
+  )
+})
+
+test_that("we detect resource attributes from GitHub Actions", {
+  withr::local_envvar(
+    GITHUB_REPOSITORY = "r-lib/testthat-otel",
+    GITHUB_SERVER_URL = "https://github.com",
+    GITHUB_SHA = "test"
+  )
+
+  expect_equal(get_repo_url(), "https://github.com/r-lib/testthat-otel")
+  expect_equal(get_git_revision(), "test")
+})
+
+test_that("the reporter generates the expected spans", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("otelsdk")
+
+  withr::local_envvar(NOT_CRAN = "true")
+
+  spans <- otelsdk::with_otel_record({
+    tracer <- otel::get_tracer("test")
+    reporter <- OpenTelemetryReporter$new(tracer = tracer)
+    with_reporter(reporter, {
+      test_one_file(test_path("reporters/tests.R"))
+    })
+  })[["traces"]]
+
+  expect_length(spans, 14)
+
+  # TODO: Ensure that the test_suite and test_case spans have the correct parent.
+
+  # Ensure we generate "test_suite" spans for each context.
+  suite_spans <- Filter(function(x) x$name == "test_suite", spans)
+  expect_length(suite_spans, 6)
+  expect_equal(
+    sapply(suite_spans, function(x) x$attributes$test.suite.name),
+    c("reporters/tests", "Successes", "Failures", "Errors", "Skips", "Warnings")
+  )
+
+  # Ensure that the filepath is set correctly on the spans.
+  expect_equal(
+    sapply(suite_spans, function(x) x$attributes$code.filepath),
+    rep("tests/testthat/reporters/tests.R", 6)
+  )
+
+  # Ensure we generate "test_case" spans for each test.
+  test_spans <- Filter(function(x) x$name == "test_case", spans)
+  expect_length(test_spans, 8)
+  expect_equal(
+    sapply(test_spans, function(x) x$attributes$test.case.name),
+    c(
+      "Success",
+      "Failure:1",
+      "Failure:2a",
+      "Error:1",
+      "errors get tracebacks",
+      "explicit skips are reported",
+      "empty tests are implicitly skipped",
+      "warnings get backtraces"
+    )
+  )
+
+  # Ensure that tests that failed or errored have the expected status.
+  failed_spans <- Filter(function(x) x$status == "error", spans)
+  expect_length(failed_spans, 4)
+
+  # And that they record an exception with the correct file path.
+  expect_true(all(sapply(
+    failed_spans,
+    function(x)
+      length(x$events) > 0 &&
+        x$events[[1]]$name == "exception" &&
+        x$events[[1]]$attributes$code.filepath ==
+          "tests/testthat/reporters/tests.R"
+  )))
+})