-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathAUDIO
More file actions
279 lines (230 loc) · 18.5 KB
/
AUDIO
File metadata and controls
279 lines (230 loc) · 18.5 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
https://mixbutton.com/music-tools/frequency-and-pitch/music-note-to-frequency-chart#1st
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_counter#Johnson_counter
7475799
1060
Audio (4x3) - DIRECT (12)
TON1 - ch.1 tone shaping (see below) 3-bit up/down counter per channel
PCH1 - ch.1 pitch (quarter note increments) 10-bit counter per channel (see SN76489)
VOL1 - ch.1 volume (5 volume, 1 noise, 2 pitch) noise mode: see below
CPU can write VOI at start of a frame to switch ADSR phase
at 1/60ths of a second, or at arbitrary times via HDMA.
This HW is too expensive: (requires a 5-bit adder, 5-bit counters)
5-bit saturating counter, resets to 0 at the start of each cycle,
upwards for 8 ticks, downwards for 8 ticks.
Upwards delta: Harmonic Clip Shape Downwards delta:
1 = 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 to 8 = 2 at 8, 0, 0 1/4 triangle down 8 then drop to 0
2 = 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2 to 16 = 4 at 8, 0, 0 1/2 triangle down 16 then drop to 0
3 = 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3 to 24 = 6 at 8, 0, 0 3/4 triangle down 24 then drop to 0
4 = 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4 to 32 = 8 at 8, 0, 0 triangle down to 0 in 8
5 = 5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5 to 30 = 7.5 at 6, +2, 1 flat-top triangle down to 0 in ~7, flat ~1
6 = 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6 to 30 = 7.5 at 5, +2, 2 flat-top triangle wide down to 0 in ~6, flat ~2
7 = 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7 to 28 = 7 at 4, +4, 3 clipped sine down to 0 in ~5, flat ~3
8 = 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8 to 32 = 8 at 4, 0, 4 trapezium down to 0 in ~4, flat ~4
9 = 9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9 to 27 = 6.75 at 3, +5, 4 sine-ish down to 0 in ~4, flat ~4
A = A,A,A,A,A,A,A,A to 30 = 7.5 at 3, +2, 4 down to 0 in ~4, flat ~4
B = B,B,B,B,B,B,B,B to 32 = 8 at 3, 0, 5 sloped square down to 0 in ~3, flat ~5
C = C,C,C,C,C,C,C,C to 24 = 6 at 2, +8, 5 sine-ish down to 0 in ~3, flat ~5
D = D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D to 26 = 6.5 at 2, +6, 5 sine-ish down to 0 in ~3, flat ~5
E = E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E to 28 = 7 at 2, +4, 5 down to 0 in ~3, flat ~5
F = F,F,F,F,F,F,F,F to 30 = 7.5 at 2, +2, 5 square down to 0 in ~2, flat ~6
Instead use 3-bit ripple counters, add 0/1/2/4 each cycle,
use Cout to SET all bits (clamp at 7) if counting up,
use Cout to CLEAR all bits (clamp at 0) if counting down.
Tone [AABBCCDD] A,C up, B,D down, 4 clocks each (reset to 0 on 15th)
Noise mode: suppress clamping (SET/CLEAR) only.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
_ _ _ _ _ _
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | _ _ | | | | _ _ | | | | _ _ | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
_ _ _ _ _ _
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
_ _ _ _ _ _ utilise
| | | | | | | | | the reset
| | | | | | | | | at F
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | _ _ _ _ | | | | _ _ _ _ | | | | _ _ _ _ | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
| | | | | | | | | | | | phases
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _ | | _ _
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
_ _ _ _ _ _
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | noise, up-only
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (meh)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | noise, up/down
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (better)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | noise, up/down
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
32.703 Hz = C1 Double Low C, Double Bass
55.000 Hz = A1
65.406 Hz = C2 Low C, Cello C
130.813 Hz = C3 Viola C
261.626 Hz = C4 Middle C ••
523.251 Hz = C5 Treble C
1046.50 Hz = C6 High C
2093.00 Hz = C7 Double High C
4186.00 Hz = C8 Triple High C
7902.13 Hz = B8
8192 cycles per second (131,072 Hz; 2^17)
62500/239 = 261.506
500000/63 = 7936.508 (B8 7902.13)
500000/67 = 7462.687 (A# 7458.62)
500000/71 = 7042.253 (A 7040.00)
500000/127 = 3937.00 (B7 3951.07)
500000/253 = 1976.28 (B6 1975.53)
C2 65.41 * 16 = 1046.56
C2# 69.30 * 16 = 1108.8 267904 / 242 = 1107.0413
D2 73.42 * 16 = 1174.72
A2 110 * 16 = 1760
A# 116.54 * 16 = 1864.64
B 123.47 * 16 = 1975.52
C4 261.63 * 16 = 4186.08
C4# 277.18 * 16 = 4434.88
D4 293.66 * 16 = 4698.56
D4# 311.13 * 16 = 4978.08
E4 329.63 * 16 = 5274.08 193.91574319258336
F4 349.23 * 16 = 5587.68 183 (183.032) .03
F4# 369.99 * 16 = 5919.84 173 (172.762) .24
G4 392.00 * 16 = 6272.0 163 (163.062) .06
G4# 415.30 * 16 = 6644.8 154 (153.913) .09
A4 440.00 * 16 = 7040.0 145 (145.273) .27
A4# 466.16 * 16 = 7458.56 137 (137.121) .12
B4 493.88 * 16 = 7902.08 129 (129.425) .43
C6 1046.50 * 16 = 16744 1022727.14285714 / 61 = 16766.018
C6# 1108.73 * 16 = 17739.68 1022727.14285714 / 58 = 17633.226
D6 1174.66 * 16 = 18794.56 1022727.14285714 / 54 = 18939.391
D6# 1244.51 * 16 =
E6 1318.51 * 16 =
F6 1396.91 * 16 =
F6# 1479.98 * 16 =
G6 1567.98 * 16 =
G6# 1661.22 * 16 =
A6 1760 * 16 = 28160 1022727.14285714 / 36 = 28409.087
A6# 1864.66 * 16 = 29834.56 1022727.14285714 / 34 = 30080.210
B6 1975.53 * 16 = 31608.48 1022727.14285714 / 32 = 31960.223
PAL 14.31818 MHz Crystal
NTSC 17.73447 MHz Crystal
Maybe can do something here to reduce to an 8-bit note, like:
• 3-bit first-stage divider by 1-8
• 2-bit second-stage counter, delays 5-bit divider by 4 (fixed function)
• 5-bit third-stage divider, divide by 5-36
Amplifier design
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/705302/whats-this-vintage-diode-from-the-1970s