[DOC] Update installation guide

[bdice]

Report incorrect documentation

Location of incorrect documentation
https://docs.rapids.ai/api/cuxfilter/stable/user_guide/installation/

Describe the problems or issues found in the documentation
Several updates are needed:

• Drop CUDA 11, per https://docs.rapids.ai/notices/rsn0048/
• The "Docker container" section references images that haven't been published since 23.08. Repository overhaul for RAPIDS v23.08 docker#539
  • rapidsai/rapidsai "runtime" images are now published as rapidsai/notebooks, that may be a good starting point
  • We are dropping Ubuntu 20.04 because it is past end-of-life for security updates, which is how I caught this. Please use Ubuntu 24.04 as the image OS.

I would also check that the instructions for downloading datasets are still accurate, and maybe do a pass over the rest of the docs in case anything else should be updated.