01_primitives.rzn

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// 01_primitives.rzn
// Covers: Primitives, Strings, Ranges
// Rules:
//   := immutable   |   mut = mutable   |   const = constant
//   shared = reference counted
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────


// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// 1. PRIMITIVES
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// bool
is_active  bool := true
has_error  bool := false
mut is_logged_in bool = false
is_logged_in = true

// int
count    int := 42
negative int := -100
hex_val  int := 0xFF
binary   int := 0b1010
octal    int := 0o755

mut score int = 0
score = 99

const MAX_SCORE int = 100
const MIN_SCORE int = 0

// uint
index uint := 0u
size  uint := 1024u

mut cursor uint = 0u
cursor = 512u

// float
pi      float := 3.14159
price   float := 99.99
gravity float := 9.81

mut temperature float = 36.6
temperature = 37.2

const PI float = 3.14159265358979

// str
name     str := "Razen"
greeting str := "Hello, {name}!"
empty    str := ""

mut username str = "guest"
username = "Alice"

const APP_NAME str = "Razen Lang"
const VERSION  str = "1.0.0"

// bytes
raw_data bytes := bytes[0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F]
buffer   bytes := bytes[1024]

// void — no return value
act log(msg str) void {
    println(msg)
}

act clear_screen() void {
    println("\x1B[2J")
}

// Inferred types (obvious from value)
user_id    := 1
ratio      := 0.75
is_ready   := true
lang       := "Razen"


// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// 2. STRINGS
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

text      := "Hello, Razen!"
user_name := "Alice"
age       := 25

// Interpolation
msg       := "Name: {user_name}, Age: {age}"
calc_msg  := "Next year: {age + 1}"

// Raw strings (no escape processing)
file_path := r"C:\Users\razen\notes.txt"
pattern   := r"\d+\.\d+"

// Multiline
multiline := "Line 1
Line 2
Line 3"

// Operations
length    := text.len()                     // 11
is_empty  := text.is_empty()                // false
upper     := text.to_upper_case()           // "HELLO, RYX!"
lower     := text.to_lower_case()           // "hello, razen!"
trimmed   := "  spaces  ".trim()            // "spaces"

// Search
has_razen   := text.contains("Razen")           // true
starts_h  := text.starts_with("Hello")      // true
ends_excl := text.ends_with("!")            // true
found_idx := text.find("Razen")               // some(7)

// Replace & slice
replaced  := text.replace("Razen", "World")  // "Hello, World!"
slice     := text[0..5]                     // "Hello"

// Split & join
parts     := "a,b,c,d".split(",")           // ["a","b","c","d"]
joined    := parts.join(" - ")              // "a - b - c - d"

// Parse
num_res   := "42".parse_int()               // result[int, ParseError]
flt_res   := "3.14".parse_float()           // result[float, ParseError]

// String builder
mut b := string_builder()
b.append("Hello")
b.append(", ")
b.append("Razen!")
final_str := b.to_string()                  // "Hello, Razen!"


// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// 3. RANGES
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// Exclusive range (0 to 4)
loop i in 0..5 {
    println(i)
}

// Inclusive range (0 to 5)
loop i in 0..=5 {
    println(i)
}

// Step
loop i in (0..50).step(10) {
    println(i)    // 0, 10, 20, 30, 40
}

// Reverse
loop i in (0..5).reverse() {
    println(i)    // 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
}

// Char range
loop c in 'a'..='z' {
    print(c)      // a b c ... z
}

// Range as a value
my_range := 1..=5
loop n in my_range {
    println(n * n)    // 1, 4, 9, 16, 25
}