Migrate StatementPositionRule from SourceKit to SwiftSyntax

Convert StatementPositionRule to use SwiftSyntax instead of SourceKit for
improved performance and more accurate positioning validation.

The SwiftSyntax implementation:
- Uses ViolationsSyntaxVisitor and ViolationsSyntaxRewriter patterns
- Validates else/catch keyword positioning with proper indentation checks
- Supports both default (same line) and uncuddled (next line) modes
- Correctly handles trailing/leading trivia for whitespace validation
- Implements corrections using explicit rewriter for both statement types
- Extracts common validation logic to reduce code duplication
- Skip correcting when there are comments

Author: jpsim

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@
 * Migrate `vertical_whitespace` rule from SourceKit to SwiftSyntax for improved performance.  
   [Matt Pennig](https://github.com/pennig)
 
+* Migrate `statement_position` rule from SourceKit to SwiftSyntax for improved
+  performance and fewer false positives.  
+  [JP Simard](https://github.com/jpsim)
+
 ### Bug Fixes
 
 * Improved error reporting when SwiftLint exits, because of an invalid configuration file