Merge branch 'master' into how-to-drop-null-values-in-pandas

Author: brendaweles

debug-python-errors/README.md

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+# How to Debug Common Python Errors
+
+This folder provides the code examples for the Real Python tutorial [How to Debug Common Python Errors](https://realpython.com/debug-python-errors/).

debug-python-errors/cat.py

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+cat = "Siamese"
+
+print(cat)

debug-python-errors/fruit.py

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+def capitalize_fruit_names(fruits):
+    capitalized_fruit_names = []
+    cleaned = [fruit if isinstance(fruit, str) else "" for fruit in fruits]
+
+    for fruit in cleaned:
+        capitalized_fruit_names.append(fruit.capitalize())
+
+    return capitalized_fruit_names
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(capitalize_fruit_names(["apple", "BANANA", "cherry", "maNgo"]))

debug-python-errors/palindromes.py

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+def find_palindromes(text):
+    # Split sentence into words
+    words = text.split()
+
+    # Remove punctuation and convert to lowercase
+    normalized_words = [
+        "".join(filter(str.isalnum, word)).lower() for word in words
+    ]
+
+    # Check for palindromes
+    return [word for word in normalized_words if word == word[::-1]]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(
+        find_palindromes("Dad plays many solos at noon, and sees a racecar.")
+    )

debug-python-errors/test_fruit.py

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+import unittest
+
+from fruit import capitalize_fruit_names
+
+
+class TestFruit(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_empty_list(self):
+        """with empty list"""
+        self.assertEqual(capitalize_fruit_names([]), [])
+
+    def test_lowercase(self):
+        """with lowercase strings"""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            capitalize_fruit_names(["apple", "banana", "cherry"]),
+            ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"],
+        )
+
+    def test_uppercase(self):
+        """with uppercase strings"""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            capitalize_fruit_names(["APPLE", "BANANA", "CHERRY"]),
+            ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"],
+        )
+
+    def test_mixed_case(self):
+        """with mixed case strings"""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            capitalize_fruit_names(["mAnGo", "grApE"]),
+            ["Mango", "Grape"],
+        )
+
+    def test_non_string_element(self):
+        """with a mix of integer and string elements"""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            capitalize_fruit_names([123, "banana"]),
+            ["", "Banana"],
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

python-annotations/README.md

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+# Python 3.14 Preview: Lazy Annotations
+
+This folder contains sample code for the Real Python tutorial [Python 3.14 Preview: Lazy Annotations](https://realpython.com/python-annotations/).

python-annotations/calculator.pyi

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+type Number = int | float
+
+class Calculator:
+    history: list[Number]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None: ...
+    def add(self, a: Number, b: Number) -> Number: ...
+
+def add(a: Number, b: Number) -> Number: ...

python-annotations/fib.py

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+from typing import Annotated
+
+
+def fib(n: int) -> int:
+    return n if n < 2 else fib(n - 2) + fib(n - 1)
+
+
+def increment(x: Annotated[int, fib(35)]) -> int:
+    return x + 1

python-annotations/forward_references_future.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LinkedList:
+    head: Node
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Node:
+    value: Any
+    next: Optional[Node] = None

python-annotations/forward_references_strings.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LinkedList:
+    head: "Node"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Node:
+    value: Any
+    next: Optional["Node"] = None