Add code for methods tutorial

Author: martin-martin

instance-class-static-methods/README.md

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+# Python's Instance, Class, and Static Methods Demystified
+
+This folder contains code related to the tutorial on [Pythons' instance, class, and static methods](https://realpython.com/instance-class-and-static-methods-demystified/).
+
+## About the Author
+
+Martin Breuss - Email: [email protected]
+
+## License
+
+Distributed under the MIT license. See ``LICENSE`` for more information.

instance-class-static-methods/demo.py

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+class DemoClass:
+    def instance_method(self):
+        return ("instance method called", self)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def class_method(cls):
+        return ("class method called", cls)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def static_method():
+        return ("static method called",)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    obj = DemoClass()
+    print(obj.instance_method())
+    print(obj.class_method())
+    print(obj.static_method())

instance-class-static-methods/pizza.py

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+class Pizza:
+    def __init__(self, toppings):
+        self.toppings = list(toppings)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"Pizza({self.toppings})"
+
+    def add_topping(self, topping):
+        self.toppings.append(topping)
+
+    def remove_topping(self, topping):
+        if topping in self.toppings:
+            self.toppings.remove(topping)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def margherita(cls):
+        return cls(["mozzarella", "tomatoes"])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def prosciutto(cls):
+        return cls(["mozzarella", "tomatoes", "ham"])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_size_in_inches(size):
+        """Returns an approximate diameter in inches for common sizes."""
+        size_map = {"small": 8, "medium": 12, "large": 16}
+        return size_map.get(size, "Unknown size")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    a_pizza = Pizza.margherita()
+    print(a_pizza, "😋🍕")