Merge branch 'master' into python-asyncio

Author: lpozo

debug-python-errors/README.md

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+# How to Debug Common Python Errors
+
+This folder provides the code examples for the Real Python tutorial [How to Debug Common Python Errors](https://realpython.com/debug-python-errors/).

debug-python-errors/cat.py

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+cat = "Siamese"
+
+print(cat)

debug-python-errors/fruit.py

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+def capitalize_fruit_names(fruits):
+    capitalized_fruit_names = []
+    cleaned = [fruit if isinstance(fruit, str) else "" for fruit in fruits]
+
+    for fruit in cleaned:
+        capitalized_fruit_names.append(fruit.capitalize())
+
+    return capitalized_fruit_names
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(capitalize_fruit_names(["apple", "BANANA", "cherry", "maNgo"]))

debug-python-errors/palindromes.py

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+def find_palindromes(text):
+    # Split sentence into words
+    words = text.split()
+
+    # Remove punctuation and convert to lowercase
+    normalized_words = [
+        "".join(filter(str.isalnum, word)).lower() for word in words
+    ]
+
+    # Check for palindromes
+    return [word for word in normalized_words if word == word[::-1]]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(
+        find_palindromes("Dad plays many solos at noon, and sees a racecar.")
+    )

debug-python-errors/test_fruit.py

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+import unittest
+
+from fruit import capitalize_fruit_names
+
+
+class TestFruit(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_empty_list(self):
+        """with empty list"""
+        self.assertEqual(capitalize_fruit_names([]), [])
+
+    def test_lowercase(self):
+        """with lowercase strings"""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            capitalize_fruit_names(["apple", "banana", "cherry"]),
+            ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"],
+        )
+
+    def test_uppercase(self):
+        """with uppercase strings"""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            capitalize_fruit_names(["APPLE", "BANANA", "CHERRY"]),
+            ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"],
+        )
+
+    def test_mixed_case(self):
+        """with mixed case strings"""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            capitalize_fruit_names(["mAnGo", "grApE"]),
+            ["Mango", "Grape"],
+        )
+
+    def test_non_string_element(self):
+        """with a mix of integer and string elements"""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            capitalize_fruit_names([123, "banana"]),
+            ["", "Banana"],
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

python-isinstance/README.md

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+# What Does isinstance() Do in Python?
+
+This folder provides the code examples for the Real Python tutorial [What Does isinstance() Do in Python?](https://realpython.com/what-does-isinstance-do-in-python/).
+
+The `.py` files contain the code found in the tutorial. 
+
+When setting up your tutorial environment, make sure `balls.py`, `balls_v2.py`, and `player_iterables.py` are in your program folder.  You'll need to import content from these to replicate the tutorial examples.

python-isinstance/abstract_class_failure.py

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+from balls_v2 import Ball
+
+test_ball = Ball("white", "sphere")

python-isinstance/ball_instance_test.py

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+from balls import AmericanFootBall, Ball, PoolBall
+
+eight_ball = PoolBall("black", 8)
+football = AmericanFootBall("brown")
+ball = Ball("green", "sphere")
+
+isinstance(eight_ball, PoolBall)
+isinstance(eight_ball, Ball)
+isinstance(eight_ball, AmericanFootBall)
+
+isinstance(eight_ball, object)
+isinstance(football, object)
+isinstance(ball, object)
+isinstance(object, object)

python-isinstance/balls.py

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+class Ball:
+    def __init__(self, color, shape):
+        self.color = color
+        self.shape = shape
+
+
+class PoolBall(Ball):
+    def __init__(self, color, number):
+        super().__init__(color, shape="sphere")
+        self.number = number
+
+
+class AmericanFootBall(Ball):
+    def __init__(self, color):
+        super().__init__(color, shape="prolate spheroid")

python-isinstance/balls_v2.py

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+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+
+class Ball(ABC):
+    def __init__(self, color, shape):
+        self.color = color
+        self.shape = shape
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_state(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class PoolBall(Ball):
+    def __init__(self, color, number):
+        super().__init__(color, shape="sphere")
+        self.number = number
+
+    def get_state(self):
+        print(
+            f"Color = {self.color}, Number = {self.number}, Shape = {self.shape}"
+        )
+
+
+class AmericanFootBall(Ball):
+    def __init__(self, color):
+        super().__init__(color, shape="prolate spheroid")
+
+    def get_state(self):
+        print(f"Color = {self.color}, Shape = {self.shape}")