Add code examples for Basic I/O Update

Author: martin-martin

basic-input-output-in-python/README.md

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+# Basic Input and Output in Python
+
+This folder contains the code examples from the Real Python tutorial on [Basic Input and Output in Python](https://realpython.com/python-input-output/).
+
+You can run all of the scripts directly by specifying their name:
+
+```sh
+$ python <filename>.py
+```
+
+If you're on a Windows sytem, then you'll need to install `pyreadline3` before you can see the benefits of importing `readline`, like done in `improved_input.py`.
+

basic-input-output-in-python/adventure_game.py

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+import random
+
+health = 5
+enemy_health = 3
+
+while health > 0 and enemy_health > 0:
+    if input("Attack or Run? ").lower() == "attack":
+        enemy_health -= 1
+        print("You hit the enemy!")
+        # Implement a 50% chance that the enemy strikes back.
+        enemy_attacks = random.choice([True, False])
+        if enemy_attacks:
+            health -= 2
+            print("The enemy strikes back!")
+    else:
+        print("You ran away!")
+        break
+    print(f"Your health: {health}, Enemy health: {enemy_health}")
+
+print("Victory!" if enemy_health <= 0 else "Game Over")

basic-input-output-in-python/greeter.py

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+name = input("Please enter your name: ")
+print("Hello", name, "and welcome!")

basic-input-output-in-python/guess_the_number.py

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+import random
+
+number = random.randint(1, 10)
+guess = int(input("Guess a number between 1 and 10: "))
+
+if guess == number:
+    print("You got it!")
+else:
+    print(f"Sorry, the number was {number}.")

basic-input-output-in-python/improved_input.py

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+import readline  # noqa F401
+
+while (user_input := input("> ")).lower() != "exit":
+    print("You entered:", user_input)