Merge branch 'master' into python-uv

Author: lpozo

python-namespace/README.md

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+# Namespaces and Scope in Python
+
+This folder provides the code examples for the Real Python tutorial [Namespaces and Scope in Python](https://realpython.com/python-namespaces-scope/).

python-namespace/global_stmt.py

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+x = 20
+
+
+def f():
+    global x
+    x = 40
+    print(x)
+
+
+f()
+print(x)
+
+
+x, y, z = 10, 20, 30
+
+
+def f():
+    global x, y, z

python-namespace/globals_func.py

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+globals()["message"] = "Welcome to Real Python!"
+
+print(message)  # noqa
+globals()["message"] = "Hello, World!"
+print(message)  # noqa

python-namespace/legb_1.py

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+x = "global"
+
+
+def outer():
+    def inner():
+        print(x)
+
+    inner()
+
+
+outer()

python-namespace/legb_2.py

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+x = "global"
+
+
+def outer():
+    x = "enclosing"
+
+    def inner():
+        print(x)
+
+    inner()
+
+
+outer()

python-namespace/legb_3.py

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+x = "global"
+
+
+def outer():
+    x = "enclosing"  # noqa
+
+    def inner():
+        x = "local"
+        print(x)
+
+    inner()
+
+
+outer()

python-namespace/local_variables.py

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+def double_number(number):
+    result = number * 2
+    print(dir())
+    return result
+
+
+double_number(4)

python-namespace/locals_func.py

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+def func(x, y):
+    message = "Hello!"
+    print(locals())
+
+
+func(10, 0.5)
+
+
+def func():
+    message = "Hello!"
+    loc = locals()
+    print(f"{loc = }")
+    number = 42
+    print(f"{loc = }")
+    loc["message"] = "Welcome!"
+    print(f"{loc = }")
+    print(f"{locals() = }")
+
+
+func()

python-namespace/mutability.py

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+x = 20
+
+
+def f():
+    x = 40
+    print(x)
+
+
+f()
+print(x)
+
+
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "mango"]
+
+
+def f():
+    fruits[1] = "peach"
+
+
+f()
+print(fruits)
+
+
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "mango"]
+
+
+def f():
+    fruits = ["grapes", "orange"]  # noqa
+
+
+f()
+print(fruits)

python-namespace/nonlocal_stmt.py

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+def f():
+    x = 20
+
+    def g():
+        nonlocal x
+        x = 40
+
+    g()
+    print(x)
+
+
+f()