Merge branch 'master' into python-raise-exception

Author: KateFinegan

making-programming-videos/README.md

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+# How to Make Engaging Programming Videos
+
+This repository provides the VS Code settings file that's mentioned in the Real Python [How to Make Engaging Programming Videos](https://realpython.com/how-to-make-programming-videos/) tutorial.
+
+## Using the Settings
+
+The provided settings file helps you to have a clutter-free and readable VS Code editor for the project that you want to record in a video.
+
+Here's an example folder structure to show where you can find your existing workspace settings file:
+
+```
+project/
+│
+├── .vscode/
+│   └── settings.json
+│
+└── code.py
+```
+
+If the `.vscode/` folder and the `settings.json` don't exist, then you can create the file with the contents of [settings.json](settings.json). If you already have an existing settings file, then you may only copy the configuration objects that you want to use.
+
+To learn more about adjusting your VS Code settings, check out the VS Code documentation on [user and workspace settings](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/getstarted/settings#_settingsjson).
+
+## Before
+
+[![Before](before.png)](before.png)
+
+## After
+
+[![After](after.png)](after.png)
+
+## Author
+
+- **Philipp Acsany**, E-mail: [[email protected]]([email protected])
+
+## License
+
+Distributed under the MIT license. See [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) for more information.

making-programming-videos/after.png

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+{
+  "window.zoomLevel": 2,
+  "workbench.startupEditor": "none",
+  "workbench.editorAssociations": {
+    "*.ipynb": "jupyter.notebook.ipynb"
+  },
+  "breadcrumbs.enabled": false,
+  "editor.minimap.enabled": false,
+  "workbench.statusBar.visible": false,
+  "workbench.activityBar.visible": false,
+  "editor.scrollbar.horizontal": "hidden",
+  "editor.scrollbar.vertical": "hidden",
+  "editor.scrollbar.verticalScrollbarSize": 0,
+  "editor.cursorBlinking": "solid",
+  "editor.fontSize": 24,
+  "terminal.integrated.fontSize": 24,
+  "problems.decorations.enabled": false,
+  "problems.autoReveal": false,
+  "outline.problems.enabled": false,
+  "outline.problems.colors": false,
+  "outline.problems.badges": false,
+  "editor.folding": false,
+  "editor.glyphMargin": false,
+  "editor.lineDecorationsWidth": 5,
+  "editor.quickSuggestions": {
+    "other": false,
+    "comments": false,
+    "strings": false
+  },
+  "editor.inlineSuggest.enabled": false,
+  "window.commandCenter": false,
+  "workbench.layoutControl.enabled": false
+}

making-programming-videos/before.png

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+# Python's Self Type: How to Annotate Methods That Return self
+
+This folder provides the code examples for the Real Python tutorial [Python's Self Type: How to Annotate Methods That Return Self](https://realpython.com/python-type-self/).

making-programming-videos/settings.json

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Self
+import random
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BankAccount:
+    account_number: int
+    balance: float
+
+    def display_balance(self) -> Self:
+        print(f"Account Number: {self.account_number}")
+        print(f"Balance: ${self.balance:,.2f}\n")
+        return self
+
+    def deposit(self, amount: float) -> Self:
+        self.balance += amount
+        return self
+
+    def withdraw(self, amount: float) -> Self:
+        if self.balance >= amount:
+            self.balance -= amount
+        else:
+            print("Insufficient balance")
+        return self
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SavingsAccount(BankAccount):
+    interest_rate: float
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_application(
+        cls, deposit: float = 0, interest_rate: float = 1
+    ) -> Self:
+        # Generate a random seven-digit bank account number
+        account_number = random.randint(1000000, 9999999)
+        return cls(account_number, deposit, interest_rate)
+
+    def calculate_interest(self) -> float:
+        return self.balance * self.interest_rate / 100
+
+    def add_interest(self) -> Self:
+        self.deposit(self.calculate_interest())
+        return self
+
+
+account = BankAccount(account_number=1534899324, balance=50)
+(
+    account.display_balance()
+    .deposit(50)
+    .display_balance()
+    .withdraw(30)
+    .display_balance()
+)
+
+savings = SavingsAccount.from_application(deposit=100, interest_rate=5)
+(
+    savings.display_balance()
+    .add_interest()
+    .display_balance()
+    .deposit(50)
+    .display_balance()
+    .withdraw(30)
+    .add_interest()
+    .display_balance()
+)

python-self-type/README.md

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+from __future__ import annotations
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+import random
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BankAccount:
+    account_number: int
+    balance: float
+
+    def display_balance(self) -> BankAccount:
+        print(f"Account Number: {self.account_number}")
+        print(f"Balance: ${self.balance:,.2f}\n")
+        return self
+
+    def deposit(self, amount: float) -> BankAccount:
+        self.balance += amount
+        return self
+
+    def withdraw(self, amount: float) -> BankAccount:
+        if self.balance >= amount:
+            self.balance -= amount
+        else:
+            print("Insufficient balance")
+        return self
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SavingsAccount(BankAccount):
+    interest_rate: float
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_application(
+        cls, deposit: float = 0, interest_rate: float = 1
+    ) -> SavingsAccount:
+        # Generate a random seven-digit bank account number
+        account_number = random.randint(1000000, 9999999)
+        return cls(account_number, deposit, interest_rate)
+
+    def calculate_interest(self) -> float:
+        return self.balance * self.interest_rate / 100
+
+    def add_interest(self) -> SavingsAccount:
+        self.deposit(self.calculate_interest())
+        return self
+
+
+account = BankAccount(account_number=1534899324, balance=50)
+(
+    account.display_balance()
+    .deposit(50)
+    .display_balance()
+    .withdraw(30)
+    .display_balance()
+)
+
+savings = SavingsAccount.from_application(deposit=100, interest_rate=5)
+(
+    savings.display_balance()
+    .add_interest()
+    .display_balance()
+    .deposit(50)
+    .display_balance()
+    .withdraw(30)
+    .add_interest()
+    .display_balance()
+)

python-self-type/accounts.py

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+import random
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BankAccount:
+    account_number: int
+    balance: float
+
+    def display_balance(self) -> "BankAccount":
+        print(f"Account Number: {self.account_number}")
+        print(f"Balance: ${self.balance:,.2f}\n")
+        return self
+
+    def deposit(self, amount: float) -> "BankAccount":
+        self.balance += amount
+        return self
+
+    def withdraw(self, amount: float) -> "BankAccount":
+        if self.balance >= amount:
+            self.balance -= amount
+        else:
+            print("Insufficient balance")
+        return self
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SavingsAccount(BankAccount):
+    interest_rate: float
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_application(
+        cls, deposit: float = 0, interest_rate: float = 1
+    ) -> "SavingsAccount":
+        # Generate a random seven-digit bank account number
+        account_number = random.randint(1000000, 9999999)
+        return cls(account_number, deposit, interest_rate)
+
+    def calculate_interest(self) -> float:
+        return self.balance * self.interest_rate / 100
+
+    def add_interest(self) -> "SavingsAccount":
+        self.deposit(self.calculate_interest())
+        return self
+
+
+account = BankAccount(account_number=1534899324, balance=50)
+(
+    account.display_balance()
+    .deposit(50)
+    .display_balance()
+    .withdraw(30)
+    .display_balance()
+)
+
+savings = SavingsAccount.from_application(deposit=100, interest_rate=5)
+(
+    savings.display_balance()
+    .add_interest()
+    .display_balance()
+    .deposit(50)
+    .display_balance()
+    .withdraw(30)
+    .add_interest()
+    .display_balance()
+)

python-self-type/accounts_future_module.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import TypeVar
+import random
+
+# Create TBankAccount type bound by the BankAccount class
+TBankAccount = TypeVar("TBankAccount", bound="BankAccount")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BankAccount:
+    account_number: int
+    balance: float
+
+    def display_balance(self: TBankAccount) -> TBankAccount:
+        print(f"Account Number: {self.account_number}")
+        print(f"Balance: ${self.balance:,.2f}\n")
+        return self
+
+    def deposit(self: TBankAccount, amount: float) -> TBankAccount:
+        self.balance += amount
+        return self
+
+    def withdraw(self: TBankAccount, amount: float) -> TBankAccount:
+        if self.balance >= amount:
+            self.balance -= amount
+        else:
+            print("Insufficient balance")
+        return self
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SavingsAccount(BankAccount):
+    interest_rate: float
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_application(
+        cls: type[TBankAccount], deposit: float = 0, interest_rate: float = 1
+    ) -> TBankAccount:
+        # Generate a random seven-digit bank account number
+        account_number = random.randint(1000000, 9999999)
+        return cls(account_number, deposit, interest_rate)
+
+    def calculate_interest(self) -> float:
+        return self.balance * self.interest_rate / 100
+
+    def add_interest(self: TBankAccount) -> TBankAccount:
+        self.deposit(self.calculate_interest())
+        return self
+
+
+account = BankAccount(account_number=1534899324, balance=50)
+(
+    account.display_balance()
+    .deposit(50)
+    .display_balance()
+    .withdraw(30)
+    .display_balance()
+)
+
+savings = SavingsAccount.from_application(deposit=100, interest_rate=5)
+(
+    savings.display_balance()
+    .add_interest()
+    .display_balance()
+    .deposit(50)
+    .display_balance()
+    .withdraw(30)
+    .add_interest()
+    .display_balance()
+)

python-self-type/accounts_string.py

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+from typing import Any, Self
+
+# from typing_extensions import Self - for Python < 3.11
+
+
+class Stack:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.items: list[Any] = []
+
+    def push(self, item: Any) -> Self:
+        self.items.append(item)
+        return self
+
+    def pop(self) -> Any:
+        if self.__bool__():
+            return self.items.pop()
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Stack is empty")
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return len(self.items) > 0
+
+
+stack = Stack()
+stack.push(1).push(2).push(3).pop()
+print(stack.items)