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Merge pull request #383 from realpython/python-http-server
Materials for Python HTTP Server
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‎python-http-server/README.md‎

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# How to Launch an HTTP Server in One Line of Python Code
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This folder provides the code examples for the Real Python tutorial [How to Launch an HTTP Server in One Line of Python Code](https://realpython.com/python-http-server/).

‎python-http-server/cgi-bin/hello1.py‎

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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print(
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"""\
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Content-Type: text/html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<body>
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<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
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</body>
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</html>"""
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)

‎python-http-server/cgi-bin/hello2.py‎

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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import os
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from http.cookies import SimpleCookie
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from random import choices
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cookies = SimpleCookie(os.getenv("HTTP_COOKIE"))
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try:
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visits = int(cookies["visits"].value) + 1
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except KeyError:
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visits = 1
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cookies["visits"] = str(visits)
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cookies["visits"]["max-age"] = 5 # Expire after 5 seconds
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print(
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f"""\
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Content-Type: text/html
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{cookies}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<title>Hello from a CGI Script</title>
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<style>
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body {{
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background-color: #{"".join(choices("0123456789abcdef", k=6))};
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}}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>CGI Script: {os.getenv("SCRIPT_NAME")}</h1>
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<p>You visited this page <b>{cookies["visits"].value}</b> times.</p>
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<h2>Environment Variables</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><b>CONTENT_TYPE:</b> {os.getenv("CONTENT_TYPE")}</li>
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<li><b>HTTP_USER_AGENT:</b> {os.getenv("HTTP_USER_AGENT")}</li>
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<li><b>QUERY_STRING:</b> {os.getenv("QUERY_STRING")}</li>
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<li><b>REQUEST_METHOD:</b> {os.getenv("REQUEST_METHOD")}</li>
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</ul>
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</body>
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</html>"""
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)

‎python-http-server/https/https_server.py‎

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import argparse
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import webbrowser
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from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
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from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER, SSLContext
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from self_signed import SelfSignedCertificate
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def main(args):
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ssl_context = SSLContext(PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
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ssl_context.load_cert_chain(SelfSignedCertificate(args.host).path)
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server = HTTPServer((args.host, args.port), SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
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server.socket = ssl_context.wrap_socket(server.socket, server_side=True)
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webbrowser.open(f"https://{args.host}:{args.port}/")
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server.serve_forever()
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def parse_args():
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
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parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="0.0.0.0")
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parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=443)
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return parser.parse_args()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main(parse_args())

‎python-http-server/https/requirements.txt‎

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cffi==1.15.1
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cryptography==40.0.2
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pyOpenSSL==23.1.1
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pycparser==2.21

‎python-http-server/https/secure_server.py‎

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from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
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from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER, SSLContext
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ssl_context = SSLContext(PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
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ssl_context.load_cert_chain("/path/to/cert.pem", "/path/to/private.key")
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server = HTTPServer(("0.0.0.0", 443), SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
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server.socket = ssl_context.wrap_socket(server.socket, server_side=True)
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server.serve_forever()

‎python-http-server/https/self_signed.py‎

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import tempfile
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from pathlib import Path
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from OpenSSL.crypto import (
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FILETYPE_PEM,
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TYPE_RSA,
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X509,
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PKey,
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dump_certificate,
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dump_privatekey,
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)
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@dataclass(frozen=True)
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class SelfSignedCertificate:
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host: str = "0.0.0.0"
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bits: int = 2048
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country: str = "CA"
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state: str = "British Columbia"
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locality: str = "Vancouver"
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organization: str = "Real Python"
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organizational_unit: str = "Development"
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serial_number: int = 1
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expires_on: int = 365 * 24 * 60 * 60
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@property
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def path(self) -> Path:
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key_pair = PKey()
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key_pair.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, self.bits)
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certificate = X509()
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subject = certificate.get_subject()
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subject.CN = self.host
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subject.C = self.country
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subject.ST = self.state
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subject.L = self.locality
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subject.O = self.organization # noqa
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subject.OU = self.organizational_unit
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certificate.set_serial_number(self.serial_number)
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certificate.gmtime_adj_notBefore(0)
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certificate.gmtime_adj_notAfter(self.expires_on)
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certificate.set_issuer(subject)
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certificate.set_pubkey(key_pair)
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certificate.sign(key_pair, "sha256")
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with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as file:
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file.write(dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key_pair))
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file.write(dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, certificate))
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return Path(file.name)

‎python-http-server/webapp/webapp.py‎

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import json
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from functools import cached_property
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from http.cookies import SimpleCookie
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from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
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from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, urlparse
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class WebRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
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@cached_property
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def url(self):
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return urlparse(self.path)
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@cached_property
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def query_data(self) -> dict[str, str]:
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return dict(parse_qsl(self.url.query))
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@cached_property
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def post_data(self) -> bytes:
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content_length = int(self.headers.get("Content-Length", 0))
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return self.rfile.read(content_length)
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@cached_property
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def form_data(self):
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return dict(parse_qsl(self.post_data.decode("utf-8")))
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@cached_property
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def cookies(self):
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return SimpleCookie(self.headers.get("Cookie"))
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def do_GET(self):
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self.send_response(200)
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self.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
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self.end_headers()
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self.wfile.write(self.get_response().encode("utf-8"))
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def do_POST(self):
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self.do_GET()
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def get_response(self):
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return json.dumps(
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{
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"path": self.url.path,
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"query_data": self.query_data,
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"post_data": self.post_data.decode("utf-8"),
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"form_data": self.form_data,
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"cookies": {
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name: cookie.value for name, cookie in self.cookies.items()
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},
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}
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)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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server = HTTPServer(("0.0.0.0", 8000), WebRequestHandler)
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server.serve_forever()

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