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Merge pull request #98 from codewithdhruba01/doc/operators
Doc: Python Operators Chapter to the Python Tutorial
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‎docs/python/python_operators.md

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---
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id: python-operators
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title: Python Operators
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sidebar_label: Python Operators #displays in sidebar
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sidebar_position: 5
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tags:
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[
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Python,
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Introduction of python,
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Python Syntax,
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Python Variables,
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Python Operators,
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]
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---
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# Python Operators
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In Python, **operators** are special symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. Python supports a wide variety of operators categorized based on their functionality.
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## Operator Categories
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Python provides the following types of operators:
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1. [Arithmetic Operators](#1-arithmetic-operators)
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2. [Comparison Operators](#2-comparison-operators)
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3. [Logical Operators](#3-logical-operators)
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4. [Assignment Operators](#4-assignment-operators)
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5. [Bitwise Operators](#5-bitwise-operators)
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6. [Membership Operators](#6-membership-operators)
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7. [Identity Operators](#7-identity-operators)
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8. [Operator Precedence](#8-operator-precedence)
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## Arithmetic Operators
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Used to perform basic mathematical operations:
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| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
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|----------|-------------------|-----------|--------|
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| `+` | Addition | `10 + 5` | `15` |
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| `-` | Subtraction | `10 - 5` | `5` |
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| `*` | Multiplication | `10 * 5` | `50` |
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| `/` | Division | `10 / 5` | `2.0` |
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| `//` | Floor Division | `10 // 3` | `3` |
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| `%` | Modulus (remainder)| `10 % 3` | `1` |
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| `**` | Exponentiation | `2 ** 3` | `8` |
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## Comparison Operators
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Used to compare two values and return a Boolean result (`True` or `False`).
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| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
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|----------|----------------------|-------------|--------|
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| `==` | Equal to | `5 == 5` | `True` |
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| `!=` | Not equal to | `5 != 3` | `True` |
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| `>` | Greater than | `5 > 3` | `True` |
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| `<` | Less than | `5 < 3` | `False`|
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| `>=` | Greater than or equal| `5 >= 5` | `True` |
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| `<=` | Less than or equal | `5 <= 3` | `False`|
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## Logical Operators
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Used to combine conditional statements.
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| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
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|----------|-----------------------------------|----------------------|--------|
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| `and` | True if both operands are true | `True and False` | `False`|
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| `or` | True if at least one is true | `True or False` | `True` |
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| `not` | Reverses the result | `not True` | `False`|
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## Assignment Operators
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Used to assign values to variables.
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| Operator | Example | Same as |
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|----------|----------|----------------|
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| `=` | `x = 5` | Assign 5 to x |
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| `+=` | `x += 3` | `x = x + 3` |
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| `-=` | `x -= 2` | `x = x - 2` |
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| `*=` | `x *= 4` | `x = x * 4` |
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| `/=` | `x /= 2` | `x = x / 2` |
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| `//=` | `x //= 2`| `x = x // 2` |
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| `%=` | `x %= 2` | `x = x % 2` |
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| `**=` | `x **= 2`| `x = x ** 2` |
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## Bitwise Operators
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Used to perform bit-level operations.
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| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
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|----------|-------------|-----------|--------|
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| `&` | AND | `5 & 3` | `1` |
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| `|` | OR | `5 | 3` | `7` |
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| `^` | XOR | `5 ^ 3` | `6` |
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| `~` | NOT | `~5` | `-6` |
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| `<<` | Left Shift | `5 << 1` | `10` |
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| `>>` | Right Shift | `5 >> 1` | `2` |
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## Membership Operators
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Used to test if a sequence contains a value.
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| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
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|------------|------------------------------|----------------------|--------|
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| `in` | Value exists in the sequence | `"a" in "apple"` | `True` |
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| `not in` | Value not in sequence | `"z" not in "apple"` | `True` |
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## Identity Operators
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Used to compare the memory location of two objects.
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| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
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|------------|-------------------------------------|-------------|--------|
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| `is` | Returns `True` if same object | `x is y` | `True` |
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| `is not` | Returns `True` if not same object | `x is not y`| `True` |
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## Use Cases of Python Operators
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---
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### 1. **Arithmetic Operators**
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📌 **Use Case**: Shopping Cart Total
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```python
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price = 150
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quantity = 3
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total = price * quantity # ➜ 450
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discount = 0.10
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final_amount = total - (total * discount) # ➜ 405.0
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```
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**Explanation**: Calculates the total bill with a discount using `*` and `-`.
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---
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### 2. **Comparison Operators**
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📌 **Use Case**: Age Verification for Voting
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```python
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age = 17
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if age >= 18:
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print("Eligible to vote")
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else:
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print("Not eligible")
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```
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**Explanation**: Compares age using `>=` to determine eligibility.
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---
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### 3. **Logical Operators**
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📌 **Use Case**: Login System Authentication
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```python
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username = "admin"
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password = "1234"
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if username == "admin" and password == "1234":
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print("Login successful")
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else:
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print("Invalid credentials")
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```
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**Explanation**: Combines two conditions using `and`.
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---
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### 4. **Assignment Operators**
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📌 **Use Case**: Updating Game Score
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```python
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score = 0
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score += 10 # Player scored
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score += 5 # Bonus
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# Final score = 15
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```
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**Explanation**: Increments the score using `+=`.
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---
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### 5. **Bitwise Operators**
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📌 **Use Case**: File Permission System (Read = 4, Write = 2, Execute = 1)
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```python
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read = 4
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write = 2
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execute = 1
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permission = read | write # ➜ 6 (read + write)
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has_write = permission & write # ➜ 2 (True)
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```
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**Explanation**: Combines permissions using `|` and checks with `&`.
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---
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### 6. **Membership Operators**
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📌 **Use Case**: Search Term Filtering
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```python
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query = "python"
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if "python" in ["java", "python", "c++"]:
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print("Result found")
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```
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**Explanation**: Checks if a word exists in a list using `in`.
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---
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### 7. **Identity Operators**
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📌 **Use Case**: Comparing Object Identity
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```python
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x = [1, 2, 3]
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y = x
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z = [1, 2, 3]
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print(x is y) # True
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print(x is z) # False
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```
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**Explanation**: Uses `is` to check if variables point to the same object in memory.
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---
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### 8. **Operator Precedence**
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📌 **Use Case**: Evaluating an Expression
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```python
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result = 10 + 5 * 2 # ➜ 10 + (5 * 2) = 20
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```
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**Explanation**: `*` is evaluated before `+` due to higher precedence.
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---
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## Summary Table
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| Operator Type | Example Use Case |
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| ------------- | ---------------------------------- |
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| Arithmetic | Calculating total cost |
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| Comparison | Validating age for access |
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| Logical | Checking login credentials |
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| Assignment | Updating scores or counters |
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| Bitwise | Managing file permissions (bits) |
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| Membership | Search and filter operations |
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| Identity | Verifying object references |
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| Precedence | Proper expression evaluation order |
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## Conclusion
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Operators are the core building blocks of logic and calculation in Python. Understanding how they work is crucial to writing effective Python code.
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‎docs/python/setup-environment.md

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id: setup-environment
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title: Setting up your development environment
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sidebar_label: Setting up environment
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sidebar_position: 5
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sidebar_position: 6
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tags:
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[
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html,

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