diff --git a/packages/toolkit/src/listenerMiddleware/index.ts b/packages/toolkit/src/listenerMiddleware/index.ts
index cfefa17e09..17c9c6771d 100644
--- a/packages/toolkit/src/listenerMiddleware/index.ts
+++ b/packages/toolkit/src/listenerMiddleware/index.ts
@@ -262,10 +262,10 @@ const cancelActiveListeners = (
 
 const createClearListenerMiddleware = (
   listenerMap: Map<string, ListenerEntry>,
+  executingListeners: Map<ListenerEntry, number>,
 ) => {
   return () => {
-    listenerMap.forEach(cancelActiveListeners)
-
+    executingListeners.keys().forEach(cancelActiveListeners)
     listenerMap.clear()
   }
 }
@@ -339,6 +339,23 @@ export const createListenerMiddleware = <
   middlewareOptions: CreateListenerMiddlewareOptions<ExtraArgument> = {},
 ) => {
   const listenerMap = new Map<string, ListenerEntry>()
+
+  // Track listeners whose effect is currently executing so clearListeners can
+  // abort even listeners that have become unsubscribed while executing.
+  const executingListeners = new Map<ListenerEntry, number>()
+  const trackExecutingListener = (entry: ListenerEntry) => {
+    const count = executingListeners.get(entry) ?? 0
+    executingListeners.set(entry, count + 1)
+  }
+  const untrackExecutingListener = (entry: ListenerEntry) => {
+    const count = executingListeners.get(entry) ?? 1
+    if (count === 1) {
+      executingListeners.delete(entry)
+    } else {
+      executingListeners.set(entry, count - 1)
+    }
+  }
+
   const { extra, onError = defaultErrorHandler } = middlewareOptions
 
   assertFunction(onError, 'onError')
@@ -401,6 +418,7 @@ export const createListenerMiddleware = <
 
     try {
       entry.pending.add(internalTaskController)
+      trackExecutingListener(entry)
       await Promise.resolve(
         entry.effect(
           action,
@@ -452,11 +470,15 @@ export const createListenerMiddleware = <
       await Promise.all(autoJoinPromises)
 
       abortControllerWithReason(internalTaskController, listenerCompleted) // Notify that the task has completed
+      untrackExecutingListener(entry)
       entry.pending.delete(internalTaskController)
     }
   }
 
-  const clearListenerMiddleware = createClearListenerMiddleware(listenerMap)
+  const clearListenerMiddleware = createClearListenerMiddleware(
+    listenerMap,
+    executingListeners,
+  )
 
   const middleware: ListenerMiddleware<
     StateType,
diff --git a/packages/toolkit/src/listenerMiddleware/tests/effectScenarios.test.ts b/packages/toolkit/src/listenerMiddleware/tests/effectScenarios.test.ts
index ce55ac8092..3eacdc08da 100644
--- a/packages/toolkit/src/listenerMiddleware/tests/effectScenarios.test.ts
+++ b/packages/toolkit/src/listenerMiddleware/tests/effectScenarios.test.ts
@@ -364,4 +364,135 @@ describe('Saga-style Effects Scenarios', () => {
 
     expect(canceledCheck).toBe(true)
   })
+
+  test('long-running listener with immediate unsubscribe is cancelable', async () => {
+    let runCount = 0
+    let abortCount = 0
+
+    startListening({
+      actionCreator: increment,
+      effect: async (action, listenerApi) => {
+        runCount++
+
+        // Stop listening for this action
+        listenerApi.unsubscribe()
+
+        try {
+          // Wait indefinitely
+          await listenerApi.condition(() => false)
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (err instanceof TaskAbortError) {
+            abortCount++
+          }
+        }
+      },
+    })
+
+    // First action starts the listener, which unsubscribes
+    store.dispatch(increment())
+    expect(runCount).toBe(1)
+
+    // Verify that the first action unsubscribed the listener
+    store.dispatch(increment())
+    expect(runCount).toBe(1)
+
+    // Now call clearListeners, which should abort the running effect, even
+    // though the listener is no longer subscribed
+    listenerMiddleware.clearListeners()
+    await delay(0)
+
+    expect(abortCount).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  test('long-running listener with unsubscribe race is cancelable', async () => {
+    let runCount = 0
+    let abortCount = 0
+
+    startListening({
+      actionCreator: increment,
+      effect: async (action, listenerApi) => {
+        runCount++
+
+        if (runCount === 2) {
+          // On the second run, stop listening for this action
+          listenerApi.unsubscribe()
+          return
+        }
+
+        try {
+          // Wait indefinitely
+          await listenerApi.condition(() => false)
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (err instanceof TaskAbortError) {
+            abortCount++
+          }
+        }
+      },
+    })
+
+    // First action starts the hanging effect
+    store.dispatch(increment())
+    expect(runCount).toBe(1)
+
+    // Second action starts the fast effect, which unsubscribes
+    store.dispatch(increment())
+    expect(runCount).toBe(2)
+
+    // Third action should be a noop
+    store.dispatch(increment())
+    expect(runCount).toBe(2)
+
+    // The hanging effect should still be hanging
+    expect(abortCount).toBe(0)
+
+    // Now call clearListeners, which should abort the hanging effect, even
+    // though the listener is no longer subscribed
+    listenerMiddleware.clearListeners()
+    await delay(0)
+
+    expect(abortCount).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  test('long-running listener with immediate unsubscribe and forked child is cancelable', async () => {
+    let outerAborted = false
+    let innerAborted = false
+
+    startListening({
+      actionCreator: increment,
+      effect: async (action, listenerApi) => {
+        // Stop listening for this action
+        listenerApi.unsubscribe()
+
+        const pollingTask = listenerApi.fork(async (forkApi) => {
+          try {
+            // Cancellation-aware indefinite pause
+            await forkApi.pause(new Promise(() => {}))
+          } catch (err) {
+            if (err instanceof TaskAbortError) {
+              innerAborted = true
+            }
+          }
+        })
+
+        try {
+          // Wait indefinitely
+          await listenerApi.condition(() => false)
+          pollingTask.cancel()
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (err instanceof TaskAbortError) {
+            outerAborted = true
+          }
+        }
+      },
+    })
+
+    store.dispatch(increment())
+    await delay(0)
+
+    listenerMiddleware.clearListeners()
+    await delay(0)
+
+    expect(outerAborted).toBe(true)
+    expect(innerAborted).toBe(true)
+  })
 })