accessible_article.tex

% ======================================================================
% DOCUMENT METADATA - REQUIRED FOR ACCESSIBILITY
% ======================================================================
% This MUST be the first thing in your document, before \documentclass
% It configures the PDF for accessibility compliance
\DocumentMetadata{
  % Request both PDF/A archival conformance and PDF/UA accessibility tagging
  pdfstandard=a-2u,    % PDF/A-2u format (archival standard with Unicode support)
  pdfstandard=ua-1,    % Add PDF/UA-1 accessibility conformance target
  pdfversion=1.7,          % Explicit PDF version used for compatibility with conformance tooling
  lang=en-US,               % Document language (required for screen readers)
  tagging=on,                 % Enable PDF tagging (required for accessibility)
  tagging-setup={
    math/alt/use,                        % Keep math accessibility enabled (screen readers get tagged math)
    math/mathml/AF=false,   % Do not embed MathML as PDF Associated Files (helps some strict conformance checkers)
    math/tex/AF=false,            % Do not embed TeX source as Associated Files
    math/mathml/sources=     % Clear MathML source attachment list (avoid extra embedded helper files)
  }
}

% CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS:
% - LaTeX Engine: LuaLaTeX required for this template
%   * pdfLaTeX has partial support but requires manual MathML files
%   * XeLaTeX does NOT support accessibility tagging
% - TeX Distribution: TeX Live 2023 or later with all packages updated
%   * TeX Live 2022 or earlier will NOT work
%   * Update using TeX Live Manager (Windows) or TeX Live Utility (Mac)
% - Overleaf: YES, this works on Overleaf via Overleaf Labs program
%   * Opt in at: https://www.overleaf.com/labs/participate
%   * Enable "Rolling TeX Live releases"
%   * Select "Rolling TeXLive (labs)" in project settings
%   * Set Compiler to LuaLaTeX
\documentclass{article}

% ======================================================================
% PACKAGE IMPORTS
% ======================================================================

\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}%
\usepackage{fontspec}       % Font selection for LuaLaTeX (provides \setmainfont, \setsansfont)
\usepackage{unicode-math}   % Unicode math fonts (provides \setmathfont + automatic MathML)
\usepackage{graphicx}       % Graphics support (for \includegraphics)
\usepackage{booktabs}       % Professional-quality tables
\usepackage{xcolor}         % Color support (needed for accessibility-friendly colors)
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % Underline support (normalem prevents emphasis from being underlined)

% ======================================================================
% ACCESSIBILITY CONFIGURATION
% ======================================================================
% Configure PDF tagging for accessibility compliance
% Math accessibility and MathML/AF behavior are configured in
% \DocumentMetadata tagging-setup above.
%
% IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT PDF BOOKMARKS:
% "tagging = on" enables PDF TAGGING (structure tree for screen readers).
% It does NOT automatically generate PDF bookmarks (navigation outline).
% For articles, standard LaTeX \tableofcontents and hyperref handle bookmarks.
% If you want section bookmarks without a printed TOC, add:
%   \usepackage{bookmark}
%   \bookmarksetup{startatroot}
% in your preamble. But this is OPTIONAL - not required for accessibility.

% ======================================================================
% COLOR DEFINITIONS
% ======================================================================
% Define colors with sufficient contrast for WCAG 2.1 Level AA compliance
% All colors should have at least 4.5:1 contrast ratio with white background

\colorlet{AccessibleRed}{red!80!black}      % Darker red for better contrast
\colorlet{AccessibleGreen}{green!40!black}  % Darker green for WCAG AA compliance (4.5:1 contrast)
\definecolor{AltYellow}{RGB}{255,245,170}   % Soft yellow for highlighting code

% ======================================================================
% CUSTOM COMMANDS FOR TEXT COLORS
% ======================================================================
% Shortcuts for commonly used colors in teaching materials
% Use these to maintain consistent, accessible colors throughout your documents

\newcommand\tb[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}                       % Blue text
\newcommand\tr[1]{\textcolor{AccessibleRed}{#1}}     % Red text (accessible)
\newcommand\tg[1]{\textcolor{AccessibleGreen}{#1}} % Green text (accessible)
% Note: Plain yellow fails WCAG contrast requirements - use AltYellow for backgrounds only

% ======================================================================
% CUSTOM COMMANDS FOR HIGHLIGHTED CODE
% ======================================================================
% \AltBox highlights code snippets with yellow background
% Useful for drawing attention to required accessibility changes in examples

\newcommand{\AltBox}[1]{%
  {\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}%
   \colorbox{AltYellow}{\texttt{#1}}}%
}

% ======================================================================
% HYPERLINK CONFIGURATION
% ======================================================================
% Links should be both colored AND underlined for accessibility
% Color alone is not sufficient (fails WCAG guidelines)

\usepackage{url,hyperref}
\urlstyle{same}  % URLs use the same font as surrounding text

% Custom commands for underlined hyperlinks
\newcommand{\hrefu}[2]{\href{#1}{\uline{#2}}}  % Hyperlink with underline
\newcommand{\urlu}[1]{\uline{\url{#1}}}        % URL with underline

% Set link colors (blue for consistency)
\hypersetup{
  colorlinks=true,
  linkcolor=blue,   % Internal links (TOC, references)
  urlcolor=blue,    % External URLs
  citecolor=blue    % Citations
}

% ======================================================================
% DOCUMENT INFORMATION
% ======================================================================
% Define title, author, and date for article class

\title{Accessible Documents in LaTeX \\ \normalsize \urlu{https://github.com/rhstanton/accessible_LaTeX} \\ \ \\ \large Version 1.5}
\author{Richard Stanton \\ \hrefu{mailto:richard.stanton@berkeley.edu}{richard.stanton@berkeley.edu} \\ UC Berkeley}
\date{\today}

% ======================================================================
% BEGIN DOCUMENT
% ======================================================================

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\section{Introduction}

On January 8, 2026, we were notified by campus that, beginning on April 24, 2026:
\begin{quotation}
  \color{blue}
  ``The updated requirements of the ADA require that digital course materials provided to students, even materials inside password-protected course sites like bCourses, will need to comply with accessibility standards (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (\hrefu{https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/}{WCAG}) 2.1 Level AA).''
\end{quotation}

\noindent Many of us use \LaTeX\ to create teaching materials---both slides and documents. Standard \LaTeX\ (including Beamer) does not automatically generate accessible PDFs.

\section{What is this project?}

An experiment exploring accessible \LaTeX\ documents using the \LaTeX\ Tagging Project:

\begin{itemize}
\item \tg{Two templates:} Articles (\texttt{article} class) and slides (\texttt{ltx-talk})
\item \tg{Shows:} What's common to both, what's different
\item \tg{Contains:} Working examples with math, text, graphics, and tables
\item \tg{Scores:} Perfect 100\% from the bCourses accessibility checker (Ally)
\end{itemize}

\subsection{How to use it}

\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Learn the common requirements:} Apply to any \LaTeX\ document
\item \textbf{See class-specific needs:} Understand slides vs. articles
\item \textbf{Copy and adapt:} Use as templates for your documents
\item \textbf{Study the code:} Heavily commented for learning
\end{enumerate}

\bigskip

\noindent Available at: \urlu{https://github.com/rhstanton/accessible_LaTeX}

\subsection{Converting to accessible LaTeX: Overview}

\begin{itemize}
\item {\color{AccessibleGreen}\textbf{Your existing \LaTeX\ skills transfer}} - you're just adding accessibility features
\item {\color{AccessibleGreen}\textbf{The changes are minimal}} and follow consistent patterns
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

\noindent \textbf{Common requirements} (both slides \& articles):
\begin{itemize}
\item Add document metadata and enable PDF tagging
\item Tag images with alt text; tag table headers
\item Use accessible colors; compile with LuaLaTeX
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

\noindent \textbf{Key difference:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Articles: {\color{AccessibleGreen}Keep your existing class!} Just add accessibility features
\item Slides: Switch to \texttt{ltx-talk} (similar syntax, but recreate styling)
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

\noindent Both require LaTeX kernel 2025-11-01 or later (see next sections for details).

\bigskip

\noindent {\color{blue}See ``Getting started'' sections at the end for detailed steps}. For complete LaTeX Tagging Project documentation, see \hrefu{https://latex3.github.io/tagging-project/documentation/usage-instructions}{latest detailed instructions}.




\section{TeX version requirements (both slides and articles)}

\begin{itemize}
\item \tg{Minimum:} TeX Live 2023 or later with all packages updated
\item \tg{Critical:} Must have LaTeX kernel 2025-11-01 or later
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Update via TeX Live Manager (Windows) or TeX Live Utility (Mac)
  \item Or use Overleaf Labs (see next section)
  \end{itemize}
\item \tr{Will NOT work:} TeX Live 2022 or earlier
\end{itemize}

\section{\tb{You \textbf{CAN} use Overleaf (both slides and articles)}}

\begin{itemize}
\item \texttt{ltx-talk} requires a very recent \textbf{LaTeX kernel} (2025-11-01 or later)
\item This is available through Overleaf's \tb{Labs program} (not standard Overleaf)
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Using Overleaf (2 steps)}

\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Join Overleaf Labs}: 
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Visit \urlu{https://www.overleaf.com/labs/participate}
  \item Opt in and enable ``Rolling TeX Live releases''
  \end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Configure project}:
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Set TeX Live version to \tg{``Rolling TeXLive (labs)''} (bottom of list)
  \item Set Compiler to \tg{LuaLaTeX}
  \end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}

\noindent \textbf{Resources}: \urlu{https://docs.overleaf.com/writing-and-editing/creating-accessible-pdfs}




\section{Common requirements for ALL documents}

Whether you're creating slides or articles, these requirements are \tb{the same}:

\subsection{Document Metadata}

\begin{itemize}
\item Every accessible document \tr{must} begin with \texttt{\textbackslash DocumentMetadata}
\item Goes \emph{before} \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass}
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

\noindent \fbox{%
\begin{minipage}{0.9\linewidth}
{\ttfamily\small
\textbackslash DocumentMetadata\{\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.2in}pdfstandard=a-2u,\hspace*{0.3in}\% PDF/A-2u format\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.2in}pdfstandard=ua-1,\hspace*{0.26in}\% Add PDF/UA-1 conformance target\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.2in}pdfversion=1.7,\hspace*{0.31in}\% Explicit PDF version\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.2in}lang=en-US,\hspace*{0.69in}\% Language for screen readers\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.2in}tagging=on,\hspace*{0.73in}\% Enable PDF tagging\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.2in}tagging-setup=\{\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.4in}math/alt/use,\hspace*{0.2in}\% Keep math accessibility enabled (screen readers get tagged math)\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.4in}math/mathml/AF=false,\hspace*{0.03in}\% Do not embed MathML as PDF Associated Files\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.4in}math/tex/AF=false,\hspace*{0.2in}\% Do not embed TeX source as Associated Files\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.4in}math/mathml/sources=\hspace*{0.06in}\% Clear MathML source attachment list\\[0.5ex]
\hspace*{0.2in}\}\\[0.5ex]
\}
}
\end{minipage}
}

\bigskip

\noindent This configures accessibility, math tagging, and validator-compatibility behavior in one place.

\noindent The \texttt{tagging-setup} entries keep math accessible while reducing helper attachments that can trigger warnings in some strict conformance validators.

\subsection{Images, Tables, and Colors}

\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Images:} All images must include alt text descriptions
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Allows screen readers to describe visual content
  \item Even decorative images need marking
  \item See dedicated ``Figures'' section for examples
  \end{itemize}

\bigskip

\item \textbf{Tables:} Must specify which rows are headers
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Helps screen readers navigate table structure
  \item Essential for data accessibility
  \item See dedicated ``Tables'' section for examples
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Accessible colors:} WCAG 2.1 requires 4.5:1 contrast ratio
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

\noindent \fbox{%
\begin{minipage}{0.9\linewidth}

{\ttfamily\small
\textbackslash colorlet\{AccessibleRed\}\{red!80!black\}\\[0.5ex]
\textbackslash colorlet\{AccessibleGreen\}\{green!40!black\}\\[0.5ex]
\% Standard blue is fine as-is
}
\end{minipage}
}

\bigskip


\subsection{LuaLaTeX Compilation}

\begin{itemize}
\item You \tr{must} compile with LuaLaTeX (not pdfLaTeX or XeLaTeX)

\bigskip

\item \textbf{Why LuaLaTeX?}
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item \textbf{Automatic MathML:} Makes math accessible without manual work
  \item \textbf{Full tagging support:} Complete PDF accessibility features
  \item \textbf{Modern fonts:} Handles Unicode and OpenType fonts
  \end{enumerate}

\bigskip

\item \textbf{How to switch:}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Command line: \texttt{lualatex filename.tex}
  \item Most editors: Select ``LuaLaTeX'' from compiler menu
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\section{The basics}

\begin{itemize}
\item Use standard \LaTeX\ environments: \texttt{section}, \texttt{subsection}, \texttt{itemize}, \texttt{enumerate}, etc.
\item {\color{blue}\textbf{Existing source files don't need a lot of editing}}
\item Here's some gratuitous $\mathit{math}$ for the accessibility checker
\end{itemize}



\section{Figures}

When including a figure, you \tr{must provide alt text} describing the image for screen readers. This is \emph{required} for accessibility compliance.\\

\noindent \fbox{%
  \ttfamily\small
  \textbackslash includegraphics[height=.4\textbackslash textheight,%
  \AltBox{alt=\{A capybara\}}%
  ]\{capybara.jpg\}%
}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2.75in, alt={A capybara}]{capybara.jpg}
\end{center}
\caption{A picture of a capybara}
\end{figure}


\section{Tables}

When including a table, you \tr{must specify which rows are headers}. Screen readers use this information to help users navigate table content.
Use \texttt{\textbackslash tagpdfsetup\{table/header-rows=\{...\}\}} \emph{before} the \texttt{tabular} environment:
\begin{itemize}
\item Use \texttt{\{1\}} for 1 header row
\item Use \texttt{\{1,2\}} for 2 header rows  
\item Use \texttt{\{1,2,3\}} for 3 header rows, etc.
\item \textbf{Validator note:} PAC can sometimes report \texttt{Table header cell has no associated subcells} even when headers are tagged correctly. The LaTeX team documents this behavior at \urlu{https://github.com/latex3/tagging-project/issues/1056}.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Example: Table with 3 Header Rows}
    
\noindent \fbox{%
\begin{minipage}{0.95\linewidth}
\ttfamily\small
\AltBox{\textbackslash tagpdfsetup\{table/header-rows=\{1,2,3\}\}} \\
\textbackslash begin\{tabular\}\{ccccrcccr\} \\
\textbackslash toprule \\
\textrm{\color{blue}\small $\leftarrow$ 3 header rows} \\
\textbackslash midrule \\
\textrm{\color{AccessibleGreen}\small $\leftarrow$ data rows} \\
\textbackslash bottomrule \\
\textbackslash end\{tabular\}
\end{minipage}
}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}\footnotesize
% PAC may warn about subcell associations here even when header tagging is correct; see README for details.
\tagpdfsetup{table/header-rows={1,2,3}}
  \begin{tabular}{ccccrcccr}
  \toprule
  \color{blue} & \color{blue} & \color{blue} & \color{blue} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\color{blue}Days} & \color{blue}Days in & \color{blue} & \color{blue} & \color{blue}\\
\color{blue}Payment & \color{blue}Caplet & \color{blue} & \color{blue}Forward & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\color{blue}to} & \color{blue}accrual & \color{blue} & \color{blue}\\
  \color{blue}date & \color{blue}expiry date & \color{blue}$DF_\text{pay}$ & \color{blue}rate & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\color{blue}expiry} & \color{blue}period & \color{blue}$T_\text{expiry}$ & \color{blue}$\Delta$ & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\color{blue}Caplet} \\
\midrule
  \color{AccessibleGreen}2004/12/01 & \color{AccessibleGreen}--- & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.99550 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.01790 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0 & \color{AccessibleGreen}91 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.00000 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.25278 & \color{AccessibleGreen}--- \hspace*{0.15in}\\
  \color{AccessibleGreen}2005/03/01 & \color{AccessibleGreen}2004/11/29 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.99008 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.02188 & \color{AccessibleGreen}89 & \color{AccessibleGreen}90 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.24384 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.25000 & \color{AccessibleGreen}1,178.77\\
  \color{AccessibleGreen}2005/06/01 & \color{AccessibleGreen}2005/02/25 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.98401 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.02413 & \color{AccessibleGreen}177 & \color{AccessibleGreen}92 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.48493 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.25556 & \color{AccessibleGreen}4,844.73\\
  \color{AccessibleGreen}2005/09/01 & \color{AccessibleGreen}2005/05/27 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.97733 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.02675 & \color{AccessibleGreen}268 & \color{AccessibleGreen}92 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.73425 & \color{AccessibleGreen}0.25556 & \color{AccessibleGreen}10,016.71\\
  \bottomrule
\end{tabular}  
\end{center}
\caption{A table}
\end{table}


\section{Common pitfalls}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item \tr{Confusing PDF tagging with PDF bookmarks}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item \texttt{tagging=on} creates structure tree for \tg{screen readers} (required for accessibility!)
    \item PDF bookmarks (navigation outline in left pane) are \tg{separate and optional}
    \item Bookmarks do NOT generate automatically from \texttt{tagging=on}
    \item For articles: use \texttt{\textbackslash tableofcontents} or the \texttt{bookmark} package
    \item For slides: See custom bookmark code in \texttt{accessible\_slides.tex} preamble (Part 2)
    \end{itemize}
    
  \item \tr{Forgetting alt text for images}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Every \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics} needs an \texttt{alt=\{...\}} parameter
    \item For purely decorative images, use empty alt text: \texttt{alt=\{\}}
    \end{itemize}
    
  \item \tr{Not specifying table header rows}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Add \texttt{\textbackslash tagpdfsetup\{table/header-rows=\{...\}\}} before each table
    \item Use \texttt{\{1\}} for 1 header row, \texttt{\{1,2\}} for 2 header rows, etc.
    \end{itemize}
    
  \item \tr{Insufficient color contrast}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item WCAG 2.1 requires 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text
    \item Avoid light colors: \texttt{yellow}, \texttt{cyan} fail contrast requirements
    \item Darken \texttt{red} and \texttt{green}: use \texttt{red!80!black}, \texttt{green!40!black}
    \item Standard \texttt{blue} is fine and meets WCAG requirements
    \item Test with a contrast checker: \urlu{https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/}
    \end{itemize}

  \item \tr{Using the wrong compiler}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Make sure your editor is set to use \tg{LuaLaTeX}, not \tr{pdfLaTeX}
    \end{itemize}
    
  \item \tr{Old TeX distribution}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item TeX Live 2022 or earlier won't work
    \item Update packages using TeX Live Manager (Windows) or TeX Live Utility (Mac)
    \end{itemize}
    
  \end{itemize}


\section{What to ADD to existing documents}

When converting existing LaTeX files to be accessible, here's what you need to add:

\subsection{Required additions for ALL documents}

\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{At the very top} (before \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass}):

\medskip

\noindent\fbox{%
\begin{minipage}{0.9\linewidth}
{\ttfamily\small
\AltBox{\textbackslash DocumentMetadata\{} \\
\hspace*{0.2in}pdfstandard=a-2u,\\
\hspace*{0.2in}pdfstandard=ua-1,\\
\hspace*{0.2in}pdfversion=1.7,\\
\hspace*{0.2in}lang=en-US,\\
\hspace*{0.2in}tagging=on,\\
\hspace*{0.2in}tagging-setup=\{...see template...\}\\
\AltBox{\}}
}
\end{minipage}
}

\medskip

\item \textbf{In every} \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics} command:

\medskip

\noindent\fbox{%
\begin{minipage}{0.9\linewidth}
{\ttfamily\small
\textbackslash includegraphics[\AltBox{alt=\{Description of image\}}]\{file\}
}
\end{minipage}
}

\medskip

\item \textbf{Before every table}:

\medskip

\noindent\fbox{%
\begin{minipage}{0.9\linewidth}
{\ttfamily\small
\AltBox{\textbackslash tagpdfsetup\{table/header-rows=\{1\}\}}\\
\textbackslash begin\{tabular\}\{...\}
}
\end{minipage}
}

\medskip

\item \textbf{Change your compiler to LuaLaTeX} (not pdfLaTeX or XeLaTeX)

\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Additional for existing Beamer slides}

\begin{itemize}
\item Change \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass\{beamer\}} to \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass[frame-title-arg]\{ltx-talk\}}
\item Remove all Beamer themes, color schemes, and template commands
\item Keep your \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{frame\}} environments as-is
\item Recreate styling using standard LaTeX packages (xcolor, fontspec, etc.)
\item This is \tg{one-time preamble work}---then reuse for all future talks!
\end{itemize}

\section{Getting started: Common steps for both}

\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Setup environment:} Use Overleaf Labs OR install/update TeX Live locally
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Overleaf: See earlier section for Labs setup
  \item Local: Update via TeX Live Manager (Windows) or TeX Live Utility (Mac)
  \end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Get templates:} Download from \urlu{https://github.com/rhstanton/accessible_LaTeX}
\item \textbf{Add accessibility features:}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Add \texttt{alt} text to images
  \item Add \texttt{table/header-rows} to tables
  \end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Set compiler to LuaLaTeX}
\item \textbf{Compile:}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Compile with LuaLaTeX
  \end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}

\section{Getting started: What's different by document type}

\subsection{For Articles (using \texttt{article}, \texttt{report}, \texttt{book}, etc.)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Add \texttt{\textbackslash DocumentMetadata} before \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass}
\item Include the \texttt{tagging-setup} block in \texttt{\textbackslash DocumentMetadata} (as shown in this template)
\item Switch to \texttt{fontspec} and \texttt{unicode-math} packages
\item \tg{Keep your existing documentclass!}
\end{itemize}

\subsection{For Slides (migrating from Beamer)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Copy preamble from \texttt{accessible\_slides.tex}
\item Change \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass\{beamer\}} to \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass[frame-title-arg]\{ltx-talk\}}
\item \tr{Remove Beamer themes/templates/colors}
\item \tg{Recreate styling} using standard LaTeX/xcolor
\item \tg{One-time preamble work}---then reuse for all future talks!
\end{itemize}

\section{Validation workflow: use multiple checkers}

\begin{itemize}
\item No single checker catches everything.
\item Accessibility usability checks and strict PDF conformance checks are not identical.
\item A practical workflow is to run more than one checker and compare findings.
\end{itemize}

\noindent \textbf{Checkers used so far:} Ally (the accessibility checker built into bCourses), veraPDF (open-source PDF conformance validator, \urlu{https://verapdf.org/}), PAC (PDF Accessibility Checker, \urlu{https://pac.pdf-accessibility.org/}), and Acrobat.

\section{Optional validator cleanup step: \texttt{strip\_af.py}}

\begin{itemize}
\item The metadata settings alone are enough to generate a 100\% score on Ally.
\item Stricter checkers (e.g., \tr{veraPDF}) may still complain about /AF or embedded-file structures.
\item Optional strict-archival cleanup command:
\end{itemize}

\begin{quote}\ttfamily
python strip\_af.py build/yourfile.pdf
\end{quote}

\begin{itemize}
\item Then validate \texttt{build/yourfile.pdf} with \texttt{veraPDF}.
\item Prerequisite for the script: \texttt{python -m pip install pikepdf}
\end{itemize}

\section{Validator-specific notes}

\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Not all validator warnings indicate real source problems.}
\item \textbf{Acrobat: ``Lbl and LBody -- Failed''}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Often appears around figure captions, section numbers, and table captions
  \item This is usually an Acrobat checker bug, not a source-tagging error
  \item The \texttt{<Lbl>} tag is valid for numbering
  \item Reference: \urlu{https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/709655/2388}
  \end{itemize}
\item \textbf{PAC table warning (known behavior)}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item PAC can report \texttt{Table header cell has no associated subcells} even when \texttt{table/header-rows} is correct
  \item The LaTeX Tagging Project documents this behavior at \urlu{https://github.com/latex3/tagging-project/issues/1056}
  \end{itemize}
\item \textbf{When this warning appears}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item First confirm source markup is correct (especially \texttt{table/header-rows})
  \item Keep source tagging and document the validator warning
  \item Report minimal reproductions to tool vendors when possible
  \end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Interpretation tip}: Treat one-tool warnings as signals to investigate, not automatic proof of source errors.
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

\noindent Questions or suggestions? \hrefu{mailto:richard.stanton@berkeley.edu}{richard.stanton@berkeley.edu}

\end{document}

% ======================================================================
% EMACS/AUCTEX LOCAL VARIABLES (Optional - for Emacs users only)
% ======================================================================
% The section below configures Emacs/AUCTeX to use the correct LaTeX engine
% and options when compiling this file from within Emacs.
%
% If you use Emacs/AUCTeX: These settings ensure LuaLaTeX is used automatically
% If you use a different editor: You can safely ignore or delete this section
%
% Key settings explained:
%   - TeX-engine: luatex           -> Forces LuaLaTeX (REQUIRED FOR THIS TEMPLATE)
%   - TeX-command-extra-options    -> Adds -interaction=nonstopmode flag
%   - TeX-master: t                -> This file is its own master document
%   - eval: commands               -> Custom Emacs functions for this file
%
% IMPORTANT: This template requires LuaLaTeX for automatic MathML generation
% Using pdflatex will require manual MathML files (tedious and error-prone)
%
% For other editors (TeXShop, TeXworks, Overleaf, VS Code, etc.):
% Configure them manually to use LuaLaTeX with -interaction=nonstopmode

%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-engine: luatex
%%% TeX-command-extra-options: "-interaction=nonstopmode"
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% eval: (setq-local TeX-command-list (cons '("LatexMk (build)" "latexmk -lualatex -interaction=nonstopmode -file-line-error -synctex=1 -shell-escape -outdir=build %s" TeX-run-TeX nil t :help "Run LatexMk with LuaLaTeX") (remove-if (lambda (x) (equal (car x) "LatexMk (build)")) TeX-command-list)))
%%% eval: (setq org-format-latex-header "\documentclass[10pt]{RSorg}\pagestyle{empty}")
%%% eval: '(hide-latex-preamble)
%%% eval: (outline-hide-body)
%%% End: