[SPARK] Throw exceptions when check constraint expression is unresolved in DeltaInvariantCheckerExec (delta-io#4892)

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## Description
In DeltaInvariantCheckerExec, if the check constraint expressions are
unresolvable, we used to create an assertion log and not throw an
exception. So in some cases an internal error is thrown in the
subsequent steps.

The PR proposes to throw a proper user-facing error (AnalysisException)
in DeltaInvariantCheckerExec to expose the problem to the user for
better clarity, and avoid the issues in the downstream. It invokes
checkAnalysis to throw a user-facing exception when the check constraint
expression is unresolved.
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## How was this patch tested?
New UT.
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## Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing changes?

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Yes.

Previous behavior:

If the check constraint expressions are unresolvable, we used to create
an assertion log and not throw an exception. So in some cases an
internal error is thrown in the subsequent steps.

Proposed change: 

We throw a proper user-facing error (AnalysisException) when the check
constraint expressions are unresolvable in DeltaInvariantCheckerExec to
expose the problem to the user for better clarity, and avoid the issues
in the downstream.

Author: zhipengmao-db

spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/delta/constraints/DeltaInvariantCheckerExec.scala

@@ -199,19 +199,24 @@ object DeltaInvariantCheckerExec extends DeltaLogging {
           // Cap the maximum length when logging an unresolved expression to avoid issues. This is a
           // CHECK constraint expression and should be relatively simple.
           val MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH = 10 * 1024
-          deltaAssert(
-            resolvedExpr.resolved,
-            name = "invariant.unresolvedExpression",
-            msg = s"CHECK constraint child expression was not properly resolved",
-            data = Map(
-              "name" -> name,
-              "checkExpr" -> expr.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
-              "attributesExtracted" -> attributesExtracted.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
-              "analyzedLogicalPlan" -> analyzedLogicalPlan.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
-              "optimizedLogicalPlan" -> optimizedLogicalPlan.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
-              "resolvedExpr" -> resolvedExpr.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH)
+          if (!resolvedExpr.resolved) {
+            // If the plan is not resolved, check the plan so that a user-facing exception is
+            // thrown.
+            spark.sessionState.analyzer.checkAnalysis(wrappedPlan)
+            deltaAssert(
+              check = false,
+              name = "invariant.unresolvedExpression",
+              msg = s"CHECK constraint child expression was not properly resolved",
+              data = Map(
+                "name" -> name,
+                "checkExpr" -> expr.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
+                "attributesExtracted" -> attributesExtracted.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
+                "analyzedLogicalPlan" -> analyzedLogicalPlan.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
+                "optimizedLogicalPlan" -> optimizedLogicalPlan.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
+                "resolvedExpr" -> resolvedExpr.treeString.take(MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH)
+              )
             )
-          )
+          }
           resolvedExpr
       }
 

spark/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/delta/schema/CheckConstraintsSuite.scala

@@ -74,6 +74,25 @@ class CheckConstraintsSuite extends QueryTest
     }
   }
 
+  test("Checking incorrect constraints added through table property in CREATE TABLE errors out") {
+    val tableName = "test_tbl"
+    withTable(tableName) {
+      sql(
+        s"""
+           |CREATE TABLE $tableName (
+           |id INT,
+           |event_date DATE
+           |) USING DELTA
+           |TBLPROPERTIES('delta.constraints.ch' = 'event_date < 2025-06-12');""".stripMargin)
+
+      val e = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+        sql(s"INSERT INTO $tableName VALUES(1, '2025-06-11')")
+      }
+      errorContains(e.getMessage,
+        "Cannot resolve \"(event_date < ((2025 - 6) - 12))\" due to data type mismatch")
+    }
+  }
+
   test("constraint must be boolean") {
     withTestTable { table =>
       checkError(