Looking at the code for refresh in viewport, it seems it will call self._device.display even when there's nothing to do:

Since this function is usually called often (i.e. once per frame), would it make sense to skip this step if the image hasn't changed (i.e. should_wait == false)? I understand refresh is also called from display and set_position in which case it wouldn't be desirable to skip this step, but this could be mitigated by adding a flat to it, i.e. refresh(force = False) and calling it as refresh(True) from those two spots.