diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d50b79b04b..69aea345e3 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 
 - Runtime: add hooks for experimental custom runtimes #5425, #5429
 - Lazy handling and Dataloader have been merged under the hood #5422
-- Doc: merk `load_application_object_failed` as public #5426
+- Doc: mark `load_application_object_failed` as public #5426
 
 # 2.5.11 (9 Jul 2025)
 
diff --git a/guides/execution/migration.md b/guides/execution/migration.md
index 997fb61787..498d365201 100644
--- a/guides/execution/migration.md
+++ b/guides/execution/migration.md
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ Adopting a feature flag system (described below) can also make this easier.
 
 When all tests pass on `.execute_next`, you're ready to try it out in production.
 
-## COMING SOON: Migration and Clean-Up Script
+## Migration and Clean-Up Script
 
-Migrating field implementations can be automated in many cases. A script to analyze and execute these cases is in the works: [Pull Request](https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/pull/5531). This script will also be able to clean up unused instance methods when the migration is complete.
+`graphql_migrate_execution` is a command-line development tool that can automate many common GraphQL-Ruby field resolver patterns. Check out its docs and try out: https://rmosolgo.github.io/graphql_migrate_execution/
 
 ## Production Considerations
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Previously, GraphQL-Ruby would check `type_object.respond_to?(:title)`, `object.
 
 Now, GraphQL-Ruby simply calls `object.title` and allows the `NoMethodError` to bubble up if one is raised.
 
-### Query Analyzers, including complexity 🌕
+### Query Analyzers, including complexity 🟡
 
 Support is identical; this runs before execution using the exact same code.
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ Not supported yet. This will need some new kind of integration.
 
 These methods/procs are called.
 
-### `validates:` ❌
+### `validates:` 🟡
 
 Built-in validators are supported. Custom validators will always receive `nil` as the `object`. (`object` is no longer available; this API will probably change before this is fully released.)
 
diff --git a/lib/graphql/execution/next/field_resolve_step.rb b/lib/graphql/execution/next/field_resolve_step.rb
index 0d484d4b8e..adcd5a5b74 100644
--- a/lib/graphql/execution/next/field_resolve_step.rb
+++ b/lib/graphql/execution/next/field_resolve_step.rb
@@ -49,18 +49,19 @@ def append_selection(ast_node)
         end
 
         def coerce_arguments(argument_owner, ast_arguments_or_hash, run_loads = true)
-          arg_defns = argument_owner.arguments(@selections_step.query.context)
+          arg_defns = @selections_step.query.types.arguments(argument_owner)
           if arg_defns.empty?
             return EmptyObjects::EMPTY_HASH
           end
           args_hash = {}
+
           if ast_arguments_or_hash.nil? # This can happen with `.trigger`
             return args_hash
           end
 
           arg_inputs_are_h = ast_arguments_or_hash.is_a?(Hash)
 
-          arg_defns.each do |arg_graphql_name, arg_defn|
+          arg_defns.each do |arg_defn|
             arg_value = nil
             was_found = false
             if arg_inputs_are_h
@@ -279,14 +280,6 @@ def build_arguments
           query = @selections_step.query
           field_name = @ast_node.name
           @field_definition = query.get_field(@parent_type, field_name) || raise("Invariant: no field found for #{@parent_type.to_type_signature}.#{ast_node.name}")
-          if field_name == "__typename"
-            # TODO handle custom introspection
-            @field_results = Array.new(@selections_step.objects.size, @parent_type.graphql_name)
-            @object_is_authorized = AlwaysAuthorized
-            build_results
-            return
-          end
-
           arguments = coerce_arguments(@field_definition, @ast_node.arguments) # rubocop:disable Development/ContextIsPassedCop
           @arguments ||= arguments # may have already been set to an error
 
@@ -727,6 +720,8 @@ def resolve_batch(objects, context, args_hash)
                 obj_inst = @owner.wrap(obj_inst, context)
               end
               obj_inst.public_send(@field_definition.execution_next_mode_key, **args_hash)
+            rescue GraphQL::ExecutionError => exec_err
+              exec_err
             end
           else
             raise "Batching execution for #{path} not implemented (execution_next_mode: #{@execution_next_mode.inspect}); provide `resolve_static:`, `resolve_batch:`, `hash_key:`, `method:`, or use a compatibility plug-in"
diff --git a/lib/graphql/execution/next/load_argument_step.rb b/lib/graphql/execution/next/load_argument_step.rb
index 7bae5f2f38..86d062d3ce 100644
--- a/lib/graphql/execution/next/load_argument_step.rb
+++ b/lib/graphql/execution/next/load_argument_step.rb
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ def value
 
         def call
           context = @field_resolve_step.selections_step.query.context
-          @loaded_value = @load_receiver.load_and_authorize_application_object(@argument_definition, @argument_value, context)
+          @loaded_value = begin
+            @load_receiver.load_and_authorize_application_object(@argument_definition, @argument_value, context)
+          rescue GraphQL::UnauthorizedError => auth_err
+            context.schema.unauthorized_object(auth_err)
+          end
           if (runner = @field_resolve_step.runner).resolves_lazies && runner.lazy?(@loaded_value)
             runner.dataloader.lazy_at_depth(@field_resolve_step.path.size, self)
           else
diff --git a/lib/graphql/execution/next/prepare_object_step.rb b/lib/graphql/execution/next/prepare_object_step.rb
index 528f81402e..5898e91d42 100644
--- a/lib/graphql/execution/next/prepare_object_step.rb
+++ b/lib/graphql/execution/next/prepare_object_step.rb
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def authorize
           begin
             query.current_trace.begin_authorized(@resolved_type, @object, query.context)
             @authorized_value = @resolved_type.authorized?(@object, query.context)
-            query.current_trace.end_authorized(@resolve_type, @object, query.context, @authorized_value)
+            query.current_trace.end_authorized(@resolved_type, @object, query.context, @authorized_value)
           rescue GraphQL::UnauthorizedError => auth_err
             @authorization_error = auth_err
           end
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def authorize
           else
             create_result
           end
-        rescue GraphQL::Error => err
+        rescue GraphQL::RuntimeError => err
           @graphql_result[@key] = @field_resolve_step.add_graphql_error(err)
         end
 
diff --git a/lib/graphql/execution/next/runner.rb b/lib/graphql/execution/next/runner.rb
index d3f96b67c1..24748842e1 100644
--- a/lib/graphql/execution/next/runner.rb
+++ b/lib/graphql/execution/next/runner.rb
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ def initialize(multiplex, authorization:)
         end
 
         def resolve_type(type, object, query)
-          query.current_trace.begin_resolve_type(@static_type, object, query.context)
+          query.current_trace.begin_resolve_type(type, object, query.context)
           resolved_type, _ignored_new_value = query.resolve_type(type, object)
-          query.current_trace.end_resolve_type(@static_type, object, query.context, resolved_type)
+          query.current_trace.end_resolve_type(type, object, query.context, resolved_type)
           resolved_type
         end
 
@@ -199,7 +199,8 @@ def execute
                 res_h
               end
 
-              GraphQL::Query::Result.new(query: query, values: fin_result)
+              query.result_values = fin_result
+              query.result
             end
           end
         ensure
diff --git a/lib/graphql/execution_error.rb b/lib/graphql/execution_error.rb
index e3534c9c40..7b26dee5fd 100644
--- a/lib/graphql/execution_error.rb
+++ b/lib/graphql/execution_error.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module GraphQL
   class ExecutionError < GraphQL::RuntimeError
     # @return [GraphQL::Language::Nodes::Field] the field where the error occurred
     def ast_node
-      ast_nodes.first
+      ast_nodes&.first
     end
 
     def ast_node=(new_node)
diff --git a/lib/graphql/schema/member/has_fields.rb b/lib/graphql/schema/member/has_fields.rb
index a45e959115..6e328a70e6 100644
--- a/lib/graphql/schema/member/has_fields.rb
+++ b/lib/graphql/schema/member/has_fields.rb
@@ -150,10 +150,14 @@ def field_class(new_field_class = nil)
 
         def global_id_field(field_name, **kwargs)
           type = self
-          field field_name, "ID", **kwargs, null: false
+          field field_name, "ID", **kwargs, null: false, resolve_each: true
           define_method(field_name) do
             context.schema.id_from_object(object, type, context)
           end
+
+          define_singleton_method(field_name) do |object, context|
+            context.schema.id_from_object(object, type, context)
+          end
         end
 
         # @param new_has_no_fields [Boolean] Call with `true` to make this Object type ignore the requirement to have any defined fields.
diff --git a/lib/graphql/schema/resolver.rb b/lib/graphql/schema/resolver.rb
index 084290313e..b5312d1fec 100644
--- a/lib/graphql/schema/resolver.rb
+++ b/lib/graphql/schema/resolver.rb
@@ -66,7 +66,12 @@ def call
         q = context.query
         trace_objs = [object]
         q.current_trace.begin_execute_field(field, @prepared_arguments, trace_objs, q)
-        is_authed, new_return_value = authorized?(**@prepared_arguments)
+        begin
+          is_authed, new_return_value = authorized?(**@prepared_arguments)
+        rescue GraphQL::UnauthorizedError  => err
+          new_return_value = q.schema.unauthorized_object(err)
+          is_authed = true # the error was handled
+        end
 
         if (runner = @field_resolve_step.runner).resolves_lazies && runner.schema.lazy?(is_authed)
           is_authed, new_return_value = runner.schema.sync_lazy(is_authed)