[Rebase] add AprilTagVision example (#107)

This is the rebased and updated 2024 version of #100
The following image is the test I ran of the vision.py file:

![image](https://github.com/robotpy/examples/assets/57422635/52de891b-efba-4cd6-88d7-d5a6c137336e)

---------

Co-authored-by: Dustin Spicuzza <[email protected]>

Author: Suave101

AprilTagsVision/robot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c) FIRST and other WPILib contributors.
+# Open Source Software; you can modify and/or share it under the terms of
+# the WPILib BSD license file in the root directory of this project.
+#
+
+
+import wpilib
+import wpilib.cameraserver
+
+
+class MyRobot(wpilib.TimedRobot):
+    """
+    This is a demo program showing the detection of AprilTags. The image is acquired from the USB
+    camera, then any detected AprilTags are marked up on the image and sent to the dashboard.
+    Be aware that the performance on this is much worse than a coprocessor solution!"""
+
+    def robotInit(self):
+        # Your image processing code will be launched via a stub that will set up logging and initialize NetworkTables
+        # to talk to your robot code.
+        # https://robotpy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/vision/roborio.html#important-notes
+
+        wpilib.CameraServer.launch("vision.py:main")

AprilTagsVision/vision.py

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) FIRST and other WPILib contributors.
+# Open Source Software; you can modify and/or share it under the terms of
+# the WPILib BSD license file in the root directory of this project.
+#
+
+
+import ntcore
+import robotpy_apriltag
+from cscore import CameraServer
+
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+
+
+#
+# This code will work both on a RoboRIO and on other platforms. The exact mechanism
+# to run it differs depending on whether you’re on a RoboRIO or a coprocessor
+#
+# https://robotpy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/vision/code.html
+
+
+def main():
+    detector = robotpy_apriltag.AprilTagDetector()
+
+    # Look for tag36h11, correct 7 error bits
+    detector.addFamily("tag36h11", 7)
+
+    # Set up Pose Estimator - parameters are for a Microsoft Lifecam HD-3000
+    # (https://www.chiefdelphi.com/t/wpilib-apriltagdetector-sample-code/421411/21)
+    poseEstConfig = robotpy_apriltag.AprilTagPoseEstimator.Config(
+        0.1651,
+        699.3778103158814,
+        677.7161226393544,
+        345.6059345433618,
+        207.12741326228522,
+    )
+    estimator = robotpy_apriltag.AprilTagPoseEstimator(poseEstConfig)
+
+    # Get the UsbCamera from CameraServer
+    camera = CameraServer.startAutomaticCapture()
+
+    # Set the resolution
+    camera.setResolution(640, 480)
+
+    # Get a CvSink. This will capture Mats from the camera
+    cvSink = CameraServer.getVideo()
+
+    # Set up a CvSource. This will send images back to the Dashboard
+    outputStream = CameraServer.putVideo("Detected", 640, 480)
+
+    # Mats are very memory expensive. Let's reuse these.
+    mat = np.zeros((480, 640, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+    grayMat = np.zeros(shape=(480, 640), dtype=np.uint8)
+
+    # Instantiate once
+    tags = []  # The list where the tags will be stored
+    outlineColor = (0, 255, 0)  # Color of Tag Outline
+    crossColor = (0, 0, 25)  # Color of Cross
+
+    # Output the list to Network Tables
+    tagsTable = ntcore.NetworkTableInstance.getDefault().getTable("apriltags")
+    pubTags = tagsTable.getIntegerArrayTopic("tags").publish()
+
+    while True:
+        # Tell the CvSink to grab a frame from the camera and put it
+        # in the source mat.  If there is an error notify the output.
+        if cvSink.grabFrame(mat) == 0:
+            # Send the output frame the error
+            outputStream.notifyError(cvSink.getError())
+
+            # Skip the rest of the current iteration
+            continue
+
+        cv2.cvtColor(mat, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY, dst=grayMat)
+
+        detections = detector.detect(grayMat)
+
+        tags.clear()
+
+        for detection in detections:
+            # Remember the tag we saw
+            tags.append(detection.getId())
+
+            # Draw lines around the tag
+            for i in range(4):
+                j = (i + 1) % 4
+                point1 = (int(detection.getCorner(i).x), int(detection.getCorner(i).y))
+                point2 = (int(detection.getCorner(j).x), int(detection.getCorner(j).y))
+                mat = cv2.line(mat, point1, point2, outlineColor, 2)
+
+            # Mark the center of the tag
+            cx = int(detection.getCenter().x)
+            cy = int(detection.getCenter().y)
+            ll = 10
+            mat = cv2.line(
+                mat,
+                (cx - ll, cy),
+                (cx + ll, cy),
+                crossColor,
+                2,
+            )
+            mat = cv2.line(
+                mat,
+                (cx, cy - ll),
+                (cx, cy + ll),
+                crossColor,
+                2,
+            )
+
+            # Identify the tag
+            mat = cv2.putText(
+                mat,
+                str(detection.getId()),
+                (cx + ll, cy),
+                cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
+                1,
+                crossColor,
+                3,
+            )
+
+            # Determine Tag Pose
+            pose = estimator.estimate(detection)
+
+            # put pose into dashboard
+            rot = pose.rotation()
+            tagsTable.getEntry(f"pose_{detection.getId()}").setDoubleArray(
+                [pose.X(), pose.Y(), pose.Z(), rot.X(), rot.Y(), rot.Z()]
+            )
+
+        # Put List of Tags onto Dashboard
+        pubTags.set(tags)
+
+        # Give output stream a new image to display
+        outputStream.putFrame(mat)
+
+    # The camera code will be killed when the robot.py program exits. If you wish to perform cleanup,
+    # you should register an atexit handler. The child process will NOT be launched when running the robot code in
+    # simulation or unit testing mode

run_tests.sh

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ cd "$(dirname $0)"
 # Keep this list alphabetically sorted
 BASE_TESTS="
   AddressableLED
+  AprilTagsVision
   ArcadeDrive
   ArcadeDriveXboxController
   ArmSimulation