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* For more information about LTTng, [see its documentation](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.11/).
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* For more information about LTTng, [see its documentation](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.13/).
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2. Build:
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* If you've already built ROS 2 from source before installing LTTng, you will need to re-build at least up to `tracetools`:
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```
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ The tracing directory can be configured using command/launch action parameters,
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* Use `$ROS_TRACE_DIR` if `ROS_TRACE_DIR` is set and not empty.
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* Otherwise, use `$ROS_HOME/tracing`, using `~/.ros` for `ROS_HOME` if not set or if empty.
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Additionally, **if you're using kernel tracing with a non-root user, make sure that the [`tracing` group exists and that your user is added to it](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.11/#doc-tracing-group)**.
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Additionally, **if you're using kernel tracing with a non-root user, make sure that the [`tracing` group exists and that your user is added to it](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.13/#doc-tracing-group)**.
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```
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# Create group if it doesn't exist
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$ ros2 launch tracetools_launch example.launch.py
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```
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The `Trace` action will also set the `LD_PRELOAD` environment to preload [LTTng's userspace tracing helper(s)](https://lttng.org/docs/#doc-prebuilt-ust-helpers) if the corresponding event(s) are enabled.
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The `Trace` action will also set the `LD_PRELOAD` environment to preload [LTTng's userspace tracing helper(s)](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.13/#doc-prebuilt-ust-helpers) if the corresponding event(s) are enabled.
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For more information, see [this example launch file](./tracetools_launch/launch/example.launch.py) and the [`Trace` action](./tracetools_launch/tracetools_launch/action.py).
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You must [install the kernel tracer](#building) if you want to enable kernel events (`events_kernel` in Python, `events-kernel` in XML or YAML).
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However, some settings need to be tuned for it to be fully real-time safe and for performance to be optimal for your use-case:
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* timers[^rt-1]: use [read timer](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.11/#doc-channel-read-timer) to avoid a write(2) call
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* timers[^rt-1]: use [read timer](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.13/#doc-channel-read-timer) to avoid a write(2) call
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* sub-buffer[^rt-1] count and size:
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* see [documentation](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.11/#doc-channel-subbuf-size-vs-subbuf-count) for sub-buffer count and size tuning tips based on your use-case
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* see [documentation](https://lttng.org/docs/v2.13/#doc-channel-subbuf-size-vs-subbuf-count) for sub-buffer count and size tuning tips based on your use-case
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* minimize sub-buffer count to minimize sub-buffer switching overhead
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* one-time memory allocation/lock/syscall per thread:
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* usually done the first time a tracepoint is executed within a thread for URCU thread registration, but registration can be manually performed to force it to be done during your application's initialization
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* [Combined Tracing of the Kernel and Applications with LTTng](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.641.1965&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=87): LTTng-UST architecture and design goals (section 3)
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* [Survey and Analysis of Kernel and Userspace Tracers on Linux: Design, Implementation, and Overhead](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3158644): LTTng-UST overhead and design compared to other kernel and userspace tracers (table 6: average latency overhead per tracepoint of 158 ns)
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