Auto merge of #139758 - Zoxc:thread-local-graph, r=oli-obk

Use thread local dep graph encoding

This adds thread local encoding of dep graph nodes. Each thread has a `MemEncoder` that gets flushed to the global `FileEncoder` when it exceeds 64 kB. Each thread also has a local cache of dep indices. This means there can now be empty gaps in `SerializedDepGraph`.

Indices are marked green and also allocated by the new atomic operation `DepNodeColorMap::try_mark_green` as the encoder lock is removed.

Author: bors