Revise ...discriminants.slice-patterns-* rules

The section here stated:

> Matching against a slice pattern that needs to inspect the length of
> the scrutinee performs a read of the pointer value in order to fetch
> the length. The read will cause the closure to borrow the relevant
> place by `ImmBorrow`.

It then goes on to state exceptions for arrays matched against slice
patterns and slice patterns containing only a rest pattern.

As we saw in an earlier commit, it's better to not lean on the reader
to infer the "relevant place" or when the length needs to be
inspected.  Let's elaborate those details and state the full rule in
one go, upfront, and then state a separate guarantee that matching an
array against a slice pattern does not do a read.  We'll also fix a
typo, add rule identifiers, fix a statement in an example about what
exactly is captured, and tighten up the examples generally.

Author: traviscross

src/types/closure.md

@@ -365,38 +365,42 @@ let _ = &mut x; // ERROR: Cannot borrow `x` as mutable.
 c();
 ```
 
-r[type.closure.capture.precision.discriminants.slice-patterns]
-Matching against a [slice pattern][patterns.slice] that needs to inspect the length of the scrutinee performs a read of the pointer value in order to fetch the length. The read will cause the closure to borrow the relevant place by `ImmBorrow`.
+r[type.closure.capture.precision.discriminants.slice-patterns-slices]
+Matching a slice against a [slice pattern][patterns.slice] other than one with only a single [rest pattern][patterns.rest] (i.e. `[..]`) reads the length from the wide pointer and captures the pointer's place by `ImmBorrow`.
 
-```rust,compile_fail,E0506
-let x: &mut [i32] = &mut [1, 2, 3];
-let c = || match x { // captures `*x` by ImmBorrow
-    [_, _, _] => println!("three elements"),
-    _ => println!("something else"),
+```rust,compile_fail,E0502
+let mut x: &mut [u8] = &mut [];
+let c = || match x { // Captures `x` by `ImmBorrow`.
+    [] => (),
+//  ^^
+// This matches a slice of exactly zero elements. To know whether the
+// scrutinee matches, the length must be read from the wide pointer,
+// causing it to be captured.
+    _ => (),
 };
-x[0] += 1; // ERROR: cannot assign to `x[_]` because it is borrowed
+let _ = &mut x; // ERROR: Cannot borrow `x` as mutable.
 c();
 ```
 
-As such, matching against an array doesn't itself cause any borrows, as the lengthh is fixed and the pattern doesn't need to inspect it.
-
-```rust
-let mut x: [i32; 3] = [1, 2, 3];
-let c = || match x { // does not capture `x`
-    [_, _, _] => println!("three elements, obviously"),
+```rust,no_run
+let x: &mut [u8] = &mut [];
+let c = || match x { // Does not capture `x`.
+    [..] => (),
+//   ^^ Rest pattern.
 };
-x[0] += 1; // `x` can be modified while the closure is live
+x; // OK: `x` can be moved here.
 c();
 ```
 
-Likewise, a slice pattern that matches slices of all possible lengths does not constitute a read.
+r[type.closure.capture.precision.discriminants.slice-patterns-arrays]
+As the length of an array is fixed by its type, matching an array against a slice pattern does not by itself capture the place.
 
-```rust
-let x: &mut [i32] = &mut [1, 2, 3];
-let c = || match x { // does not capture `x`
-    [..] => println!("always matches"),
+```rust,no_run
+let x: [u8; 1] = [0];
+let c = || match x { // Does not capture `x`.
+    [_] => (), // Length is fixed.
 };
-x[0] += 1; // `x` can be modified while the closure is live
+x; // OK: `x` can be moved here.
 c();
 ```