std: clarify OpenOptions error for create without write access

Previously, attempting to create/truncate a file without write/append access
would result in platform-specific error messages:
 - Unix: "Invalid argument"
 - Windows: raw OS error code 87
These error codes look like system errors, which could waste hours 
of debugging for what is actually an API misuse issue.

Fixes #140621

Author: 0xdeafbeef

library/std/src/fs.rs

@@ -1609,6 +1609,10 @@ impl OpenOptions {
     /// See also [`std::fs::write()`][self::write] for a simple function to
     /// create a file with some given data.
     ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If `.create(true)` is set without `.write(true)` or `.append(true)`,
+    /// calling [`.open()`] will fail with [`InvalidInput`] error.
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
@@ -1680,7 +1684,8 @@ impl OpenOptions {
     /// * [`AlreadyExists`]: `create_new` was specified and the file already
     ///   exists.
     /// * [`InvalidInput`]: Invalid combinations of open options (truncate
-    ///   without write access, no access mode set, etc.).
+    ///   without write access, create without write or append access,
+    ///   no access mode set, etc.).
     ///
     /// The following errors don't match any existing [`io::ErrorKind`] at the moment:
     /// * One of the directory components of the specified file path

library/std/src/fs/tests.rs

@@ -1265,12 +1265,7 @@ fn open_flavors() {
     let mut ra = OO::new();
     ra.read(true).append(true);
 
-    #[cfg(windows)]
-    let invalid_options = 87; // ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
-    #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "vxworks")))]
-    let invalid_options = "Invalid argument";
-    #[cfg(target_os = "vxworks")]
-    let invalid_options = "invalid argument";
+    let invalid_options = "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access";
 
     // Test various combinations of creation modes and access modes.
     //
@@ -2084,3 +2079,34 @@ fn test_rename_junction() {
     // Junction links are always absolute so we just check the file name is correct.
     assert_eq!(fs::read_link(&dest).unwrap().file_name(), Some(not_exist.as_os_str()));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_open_options_invalid_combinations() {
+    use crate::fs::OpenOptions as OO;
+
+    let test_cases: &[(fn() -> OO, &str)] = &[
+        (|| OO::new().create(true).read(true).clone(), "create without write"),
+        (|| OO::new().create_new(true).read(true).clone(), "create_new without write"),
+        (|| OO::new().truncate(true).read(true).clone(), "truncate without write"),
+        (|| OO::new().truncate(true).append(true).clone(), "truncate with append"),
+    ];
+
+    for (make_opts, desc) in test_cases {
+        let opts = make_opts();
+        let result = opts.open("nonexistent.txt");
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "{desc} should fail");
+        let err = result.unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(err.kind(), ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "{desc} - wrong error kind");
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
+            "{desc} - wrong error message"
+        );
+    }
+
+    let result = OO::new().open("nonexistent.txt");
+    assert!(result.is_err(), "no access mode should fail");
+    let err = result.unwrap_err();
+    assert_eq!(err.kind(), ErrorKind::InvalidInput);
+    assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "must specify at least one of read, write, or append access");
+}

library/std/src/sys/fs/unix.rs

@@ -1122,7 +1122,21 @@ impl OpenOptions {
             (true, true, false) => Ok(libc::O_RDWR),
             (false, _, true) => Ok(libc::O_WRONLY | libc::O_APPEND),
             (true, _, true) => Ok(libc::O_RDWR | libc::O_APPEND),
-            (false, false, false) => Err(Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::EINVAL)),
+            (false, false, false) => {
+                // If no access mode is set, check if any creation flags are set
+                // to provide a more descriptive error message
+                if self.create || self.create_new || self.truncate {
+                    Err(io::Error::new(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    Err(io::Error::new(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                        "must specify at least one of read, write, or append access",
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1131,12 +1145,18 @@ impl OpenOptions {
             (true, false) => {}
             (false, false) => {
                 if self.truncate || self.create || self.create_new {
-                    return Err(Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::EINVAL));
+                    return Err(io::Error::new(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
+                    ));
                 }
             }
             (_, true) => {
                 if self.truncate && !self.create_new {
-                    return Err(Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::EINVAL));
+                    return Err(io::Error::new(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
+                    ));
                 }
             }
         }

library/std/src/sys/fs/windows.rs

@@ -258,7 +258,19 @@ impl OpenOptions {
                 Ok(c::GENERIC_READ | (c::FILE_GENERIC_WRITE & !c::FILE_WRITE_DATA))
             }
             (false, false, false, None) => {
-                Err(Error::from_raw_os_error(c::ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER as i32))
+                // If no access mode is set, check if any creation flags are set
+                // to provide a more descriptive error message
+                if self.create || self.create_new || self.truncate {
+                    Err(io::const_io_error!(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    Err(io::const_io_error!(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                        "must specify at least one of read, write, or append access",
+                    ))
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -268,12 +280,18 @@ impl OpenOptions {
             (true, false) => {}
             (false, false) => {
                 if self.truncate || self.create || self.create_new {
-                    return Err(Error::from_raw_os_error(c::ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER as i32));
+                    return Err(io::const_io_error!(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
+                    ));
                 }
             }
             (_, true) => {
                 if self.truncate && !self.create_new {
-                    return Err(Error::from_raw_os_error(c::ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER as i32));
+                    return Err(io::const_io_error!(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
+                    ));
                 }
             }
         }