fix: don't panic on volatile access to null

According to
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-volatile-access-to-non-dereferenceable-memory-may-be-well-defined/86303/4,
LLVM allows volatile operations on null and handles it correctly. This
should be allowed in Rust as well, because I/O memory may be hard-coded
to address 0 in some cases, like the AVR chip ATtiny1626.

A test case that ensured a failure when passing null to volatile was
removed, since it's now valid.

Due to the addition of `maybe_is_aligned` to `ub_checks`,
`maybe_is_aligned_and_not_null` was refactored to use it.

Author: LuigiPiucco

library/core/src/ptr/mod.rs

@@ -2090,12 +2090,11 @@ pub unsafe fn read_volatile<T>(src: *const T) -> T {
     unsafe {
         ub_checks::assert_unsafe_precondition!(
             check_language_ub,
-            "ptr::read_volatile requires that the pointer argument is aligned and non-null",
+            "ptr::read_volatile requires that the pointer argument is aligned",
             (
                 addr: *const () = src as *const (),
                 align: usize = align_of::<T>(),
-                is_zst: bool = T::IS_ZST,
-            ) => ub_checks::maybe_is_aligned_and_not_null(addr, align, is_zst)
+            ) => ub_checks::maybe_is_aligned(addr, align)
         );
         intrinsics::volatile_load(src)
     }
@@ -2170,12 +2169,11 @@ pub unsafe fn write_volatile<T>(dst: *mut T, src: T) {
     unsafe {
         ub_checks::assert_unsafe_precondition!(
             check_language_ub,
-            "ptr::write_volatile requires that the pointer argument is aligned and non-null",
+            "ptr::write_volatile requires that the pointer argument is aligned",
             (
                 addr: *mut () = dst as *mut (),
                 align: usize = align_of::<T>(),
-                is_zst: bool = T::IS_ZST,
-            ) => ub_checks::maybe_is_aligned_and_not_null(addr, align, is_zst)
+            ) => ub_checks::maybe_is_aligned(addr, align)
         );
         intrinsics::volatile_store(dst, src);
     }

library/core/src/ub_checks.rs

@@ -120,13 +120,25 @@ pub(crate) const fn maybe_is_aligned_and_not_null(
     align: usize,
     is_zst: bool,
 ) -> bool {
+    // This is just for safety checks so we can const_eval_select.
+    maybe_is_aligned(ptr, align) && (is_zst || !ptr.is_null())
+}
+
+/// Checks whether `ptr` is properly aligned with respect to the given alignment.
+///
+/// In `const` this is approximate and can fail spuriously. It is primarily intended
+/// for `assert_unsafe_precondition!` with `check_language_ub`, in which case the
+/// check is anyway not executed in `const`.
+#[inline]
+#[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_eval_select)]
+pub(crate) const fn maybe_is_aligned(ptr: *const (), align: usize) -> bool {
     // This is just for safety checks so we can const_eval_select.
     const_eval_select!(
-        @capture { ptr: *const (), align: usize, is_zst: bool } -> bool:
+        @capture { ptr: *const (), align: usize } -> bool:
         if const {
-            is_zst || !ptr.is_null()
+            true
         } else {
-            ptr.is_aligned_to(align) && (is_zst || !ptr.is_null())
+            ptr.is_aligned_to(align)
         }
     )
 }

tests/ui/precondition-checks/read_volatile.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //@ run-fail
 //@ compile-flags: -Copt-level=3 -Cdebug-assertions=no -Zub-checks=yes
 //@ error-pattern: unsafe precondition(s) violated: ptr::read_volatile requires
-//@ revisions: null misaligned
+//@ revisions: misaligned
 
 #![allow(invalid_null_arguments)]
 
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ fn main() {
     let src = [0u16; 2];
     let src = src.as_ptr();
     unsafe {
-        #[cfg(null)]
-        ptr::read_volatile(ptr::null::<u8>());
         #[cfg(misaligned)]
         ptr::read_volatile(src.byte_add(1));
     }

tests/ui/precondition-checks/write_volatile.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
 //@ run-fail
 //@ compile-flags: -Copt-level=3 -Cdebug-assertions=no -Zub-checks=yes
 //@ error-pattern: unsafe precondition(s) violated: ptr::write_volatile requires
-//@ revisions: null misaligned
-
-#![allow(invalid_null_arguments)]
+//@ revisions: misaligned
 
 use std::ptr;
 
 fn main() {
     let mut dst = [0u16; 2];
     let mut dst = dst.as_mut_ptr();
     unsafe {
-        #[cfg(null)]
-        ptr::write_volatile(ptr::null_mut::<u8>(), 1u8);
         #[cfg(misaligned)]
         ptr::write_volatile(dst.byte_add(1), 1u16);
     }