diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
index 3793a1470aada..6b296c3046ef3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ fn get_attrs<'ll>(this: &ArgAttributes, cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> SmallVec<[&'
                 }
             }
         }
-    } else if cx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::MEMORY) {
+    } else if cx.tcx.sess.sanitizers().contains(SanitizerSet::MEMORY) {
         // If we're not optimising, *but* memory sanitizer is on, emit noundef, since it affects
         // memory sanitizer's behavior.
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
index 209b8efa2c3b3..8092e9b9512d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ pub(crate) fn sanitize_attrs<'ll, 'tcx>(
     no_sanitize: SanitizerSet,
 ) -> SmallVec<[&'ll Attribute; 4]> {
     let mut attrs = SmallVec::new();
-    let enabled = tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer - no_sanitize;
+    let enabled = tcx.sess.sanitizers() - no_sanitize;
     if enabled.contains(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS) || enabled.contains(SanitizerSet::KERNELADDRESS) {
         attrs.push(llvm::AttributeKind::SanitizeAddress.create_attr(cx.llcx));
     }
@@ -240,13 +240,7 @@ fn probestack_attr<'ll, 'tcx>(cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<&
     // Currently stack probes seem somewhat incompatible with the address
     // sanitizer and thread sanitizer. With asan we're already protected from
     // stack overflow anyway so we don't really need stack probes regardless.
-    if tcx
-        .sess
-        .opts
-        .unstable_opts
-        .sanitizer
-        .intersects(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::THREAD)
-    {
+    if tcx.sess.sanitizers().intersects(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::THREAD) {
         return None;
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index ea538d3d46981..5219ee1abe889 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ fn add_sanitizer_libraries(
         return;
     }
 
-    let sanitizer = sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer;
+    let sanitizer = sess.sanitizers();
     if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS) {
         link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, flavor, linker, "asan");
     }
@@ -2496,11 +2496,7 @@ fn add_order_independent_options(
         && crate_type == CrateType::Executable
         && !matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::Gnu(Cc::Yes, _))
     {
-        let prefix = if sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS) {
-            "asan/"
-        } else {
-            ""
-        };
+        let prefix = if sess.sanitizers().contains(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS) { "asan/" } else { "" };
         cmd.link_arg(format!("--dynamic-linker={prefix}ld.so.1"));
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
index 368a2e307bb27..c1e80e08a0eb4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl ModuleConfig {
             debug_info_for_profiling: sess.opts.unstable_opts.debug_info_for_profiling,
             instrument_coverage: if_regular!(sess.instrument_coverage(), false),
 
-            sanitizer: if_regular!(sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer, SanitizerSet::empty()),
+            sanitizer: if_regular!(sess.sanitizers(), SanitizerSet::empty()),
             sanitizer_dataflow_abilist: if_regular!(
                 sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer_dataflow_abilist.clone(),
                 Vec::new()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
index 62de18072902e..4e2e1e21ec6dd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ impl CStore {
             match (&left_name_val, &right_name_val) {
                 (Some(l), Some(r)) => match l.1.opt.cmp(&r.1.opt) {
                     cmp::Ordering::Equal => {
-                        if !l.1.consistent(&tcx.sess.opts, Some(&r.1)) {
+                        if !l.1.consistent(&tcx.sess, Some(&r.1)) {
                             report_diff(
                                 &l.0.prefix,
                                 &l.0.name,
@@ -424,26 +424,26 @@ impl CStore {
                         right_name_val = None;
                     }
                     cmp::Ordering::Greater => {
-                        if !r.1.consistent(&tcx.sess.opts, None) {
+                        if !r.1.consistent(&tcx.sess, None) {
                             report_diff(&r.0.prefix, &r.0.name, None, Some(&r.1.value_name));
                         }
                         right_name_val = None;
                     }
                     cmp::Ordering::Less => {
-                        if !l.1.consistent(&tcx.sess.opts, None) {
+                        if !l.1.consistent(&tcx.sess, None) {
                             report_diff(&l.0.prefix, &l.0.name, Some(&l.1.value_name), None);
                         }
                         left_name_val = None;
                     }
                 },
                 (Some(l), None) => {
-                    if !l.1.consistent(&tcx.sess.opts, None) {
+                    if !l.1.consistent(&tcx.sess, None) {
                         report_diff(&l.0.prefix, &l.0.name, Some(&l.1.value_name), None);
                     }
                     left_name_val = None;
                 }
                 (None, Some(r)) => {
-                    if !r.1.consistent(&tcx.sess.opts, None) {
+                    if !r.1.consistent(&tcx.sess, None) {
                         report_diff(&r.0.prefix, &r.0.name, None, Some(&r.1.value_name));
                     }
                     right_name_val = None;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
index 15572063d45a6..9044cc2737fd6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub fn walk_native_lib_search_dirs<R>(
         || sess.target.os == "linux"
         || sess.target.os == "fuchsia"
         || sess.target.is_like_aix
-        || sess.target.is_like_darwin && !sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.is_empty()
+        || sess.target.is_like_darwin && !sess.sanitizers().is_empty()
     {
         f(&sess.target_tlib_path.dir, false)?;
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config/cfg.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config/cfg.rs
index a72f6201dcea2..ddf0dba730cbf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config/cfg.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config/cfg.rs
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ pub(crate) fn default_configuration(sess: &Session) -> Cfg {
         ins_sym!(sym::relocation_model, sess.target.relocation_model.desc_symbol());
     }
 
-    for mut s in sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer {
+    for mut s in sess.sanitizers() {
         // KASAN is still ASAN under the hood, so it uses the same attribute.
         if s == SanitizerSet::KERNELADDRESS {
             s = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
index b89aec7d22a91..9c2fa2576c8e5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use rustc_target::spec::{
 use crate::config::*;
 use crate::search_paths::SearchPath;
 use crate::utils::NativeLib;
-use crate::{EarlyDiagCtxt, lint};
+use crate::{EarlyDiagCtxt, Session, lint};
 
 macro_rules! insert {
     ($opt_name:ident, $opt_expr:expr, $sub_hashes:expr) => {
@@ -111,12 +111,12 @@ mod target_modifier_consistency_check {
         lparsed & tmod_sanitizers == rparsed & tmod_sanitizers
     }
     pub(super) fn sanitizer_cfi_normalize_integers(
-        opts: &Options,
+        sess: &Session,
         l: &TargetModifier,
         r: Option<&TargetModifier>,
     ) -> bool {
         // For kCFI, the helper flag -Zsanitizer-cfi-normalize-integers should also be a target modifier
-        if opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::KCFI) {
+        if sess.sanitizers().contains(SanitizerSet::KCFI) {
             if let Some(r) = r {
                 return l.extend().tech_value == r.extend().tech_value;
             } else {
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl TargetModifier {
     }
     // Custom consistency check for target modifiers (or default `l.tech_value == r.tech_value`)
     // When other is None, consistency with default value is checked
-    pub fn consistent(&self, opts: &Options, other: Option<&TargetModifier>) -> bool {
+    pub fn consistent(&self, sess: &Session, other: Option<&TargetModifier>) -> bool {
         assert!(other.is_none() || self.opt == other.unwrap().opt);
         match self.opt {
             OptionsTargetModifiers::UnstableOptions(unstable) => match unstable {
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl TargetModifier {
                 }
                 UnstableOptionsTargetModifiers::sanitizer_cfi_normalize_integers => {
                     return target_modifier_consistency_check::sanitizer_cfi_normalize_integers(
-                        opts, self, other,
+                        sess, self, other,
                     );
                 }
                 _ => {}
@@ -2575,6 +2575,7 @@ written to standard error output)"),
     retpoline_external_thunk: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED TARGET_MODIFIER],
         "enables retpoline-external-thunk, retpoline-indirect-branches and retpoline-indirect-calls \
         target features (default: no)"),
+    #[rustc_lint_opt_deny_field_access("use `Session::sanitizers()` instead of this field")]
     sanitizer: SanitizerSet = (SanitizerSet::empty(), parse_sanitizers, [TRACKED TARGET_MODIFIER],
         "use a sanitizer"),
     sanitizer_cfi_canonical_jump_tables: Option<bool> = (Some(true), parse_opt_bool, [TRACKED],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
index 522faf1db9ff1..e1e20959f902b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ impl Session {
     }
 
     pub fn is_sanitizer_cfi_enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        self.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::CFI)
+        self.sanitizers().contains(SanitizerSet::CFI)
     }
 
     pub fn is_sanitizer_cfi_canonical_jump_tables_disabled(&self) -> bool {
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ impl Session {
     }
 
     pub fn is_sanitizer_kcfi_enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        self.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::KCFI)
+        self.sanitizers().contains(SanitizerSet::KCFI)
     }
 
     pub fn is_split_lto_unit_enabled(&self) -> bool {
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ impl Session {
         // AddressSanitizer and KernelAddressSanitizer uses lifetimes to detect use after scope bugs.
         // MemorySanitizer uses lifetimes to detect use of uninitialized stack variables.
         // HWAddressSanitizer will use lifetimes to detect use after scope bugs in the future.
-        || self.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.intersects(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::KERNELADDRESS | SanitizerSet::MEMORY | SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS)
+        || self.sanitizers().intersects(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::KERNELADDRESS | SanitizerSet::MEMORY | SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS)
     }
 
     pub fn diagnostic_width(&self) -> usize {
@@ -922,6 +922,10 @@ impl Session {
             min
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn sanitizers(&self) -> SanitizerSet {
+        return self.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer | self.target.options.default_sanitizers;
+    }
 }
 
 // JUSTIFICATION: part of session construction
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs
index f236be92b3b60..1bcf3ce409d2d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs
@@ -214,6 +214,11 @@ impl Target {
                 supported_sanitizers.into_iter().fold(SanitizerSet::empty(), |a, b| a | b);
         }
 
+        if let Some(default_sanitizers) = json.default_sanitizers {
+            base.default_sanitizers =
+                default_sanitizers.into_iter().fold(SanitizerSet::empty(), |a, b| a | b);
+        }
+
         forward!(generate_arange_section);
         forward!(supports_stack_protector);
         forward!(small_data_threshold_support);
@@ -392,6 +397,7 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
         target_option_val!(split_debuginfo);
         target_option_val!(supported_split_debuginfo);
         target_option_val!(supported_sanitizers);
+        target_option_val!(default_sanitizers);
         target_option_val!(c_enum_min_bits);
         target_option_val!(generate_arange_section);
         target_option_val!(supports_stack_protector);
@@ -612,6 +618,7 @@ struct TargetSpecJson {
     split_debuginfo: Option<SplitDebuginfo>,
     supported_split_debuginfo: Option<StaticCow<[SplitDebuginfo]>>,
     supported_sanitizers: Option<Vec<SanitizerSet>>,
+    default_sanitizers: Option<Vec<SanitizerSet>>,
     generate_arange_section: Option<bool>,
     supports_stack_protector: Option<bool>,
     small_data_threshold_support: Option<SmallDataThresholdSupport>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
index b49e7fc9cff66..c753089b1d3d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
@@ -2327,6 +2327,13 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// distributed with the target, the sanitizer should still appear in this list for the target.
     pub supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet,
 
+    /// The sanitizers that are enabled by default on this target.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the support here is at a codegen level. If the machine code with sanitizer
+    /// enabled can generated on this target, but the necessary supporting libraries are not
+    /// distributed with the target, the sanitizer should still appear in this list for the target.
+    pub default_sanitizers: SanitizerSet,
+
     /// Minimum number of bits in #[repr(C)] enum. Defaults to the size of c_int
     pub c_enum_min_bits: Option<u64>,
 
@@ -2575,6 +2582,7 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
             // `Off` is supported by default, but targets can remove this manually, e.g. Windows.
             supported_split_debuginfo: Cow::Borrowed(&[SplitDebuginfo::Off]),
             supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::empty(),
+            default_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::empty(),
             c_enum_min_bits: None,
             generate_arange_section: true,
             supports_stack_protector: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/aarch64_unknown_fuchsia.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/aarch64_unknown_fuchsia.rs
index 8366b6d9bd824..6dbe376d02f86 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/aarch64_unknown_fuchsia.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/aarch64_unknown_fuchsia.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
         | SanitizerSet::CFI
         | SanitizerSet::LEAK
         | SanitizerSet::SHADOWCALLSTACK;
+    base.default_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::SHADOWCALLSTACK;
     base.supports_xray = true;
 
     base.add_pre_link_args(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/riscv64gc_unknown_fuchsia.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/riscv64gc_unknown_fuchsia.rs
index c4466e13d1439..28d2b4c54ef91 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/riscv64gc_unknown_fuchsia.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/riscv64gc_unknown_fuchsia.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Inline;
     base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::SHADOWCALLSTACK;
+    base.default_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::SHADOWCALLSTACK;
     base.supports_xray = true;
 
     Target {